ReviewDeutsches Arzteblatt international2021
Bullous Autoimmune Dermatoses–Clinical Features, Diagnostic Evaluation, and Treatment Options.
Review in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06285435 (Activation of Coagulation as an Indicator of a Pro-thrombotic State in Patients With Pemphigus), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Activation of Coagulation as an Indicator of a Pro-thrombotic State in Patients With Pemphigus: A Case-control Study
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comorbidity in bullous pemphigoid: up-date and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- [New treatment options for autoimmune bullous diseases].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases: Therapeutic Update.Drugs · 2026Review
- A case report of IgA-mediated anti-Laminin-γ1 (p200) pemphigoid successfully treated with stapokibart combined with corticosteroids.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Clinical and immunopathological spectrum of immunoglobulin M pemphigoid: a multicenter case series.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2025Article
- Anti-p200 pemphigoid with autoantibodies targeting laminin beta-4 and clinical response to methotrexate.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- A Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Various Autoimmune Vesiculobullous Disorders in a Tertiary Care Center.Cureus · 2025Article
- Research in practice: Immune checkpoint inhibitor related autoimmune bullous dermatosis.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2025Review
- Bullous pemphigoid.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Introducing human 3D skin models as a new serological diagnostic tool for severe autoimmune bullous diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Advancements in Bullous Pemphigoid Treatment: A Comprehensive Pipeline Update.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2024Review
- State-of-the-art diagnosis of autoimmune blistering diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Coexistence of Pemphigus Foliaceus and Bullous Pemphigoid: A Case Report.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2024Article
- [Clinical aspects of ocular mucosal pemphigoid].Die Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- [Diagnostics of ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid].Die Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- Drug Adherence and its Association with Health Literacy Among Patients with Autoimmune Bullous Diseases.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2023Article
- Autoimmunity against laminin 332.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Direct Immunofluorescence of IgG on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue by Heat-Induced Antigen Retrieval as a Sensitive Method for the Diagnosis of Pemphigus.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2023Article
- Mouse models of pemphigus: valuable tools to investigate pathomechanisms and novel therapeutic interventions.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Computer-aided classification of indirect immunofluorescence patterns on esophagus and split skin for the detection of autoimmune dermatoses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBullous autoimmune dermatoses are a clinically and immunopatho - logically heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized clinically by blisters or erosions of the skin and/or mucous membranes. In Germany, their prevalence is approximately 40 000 cases nationwide, and their incidence approximately 20 new cases per million people per year.
methodsThis review is based on publications that were retrieved by a selective search of the literature focusing on the current German and European guidelines.
resultsRecent years have seen the publication of guidelines, controlled prospective clinical trials, and multicenter diagnostic studies improving both diagnosis and therapy. Specific monovalent and multivariate serological test systems and pattern analysis of tissue-bound autoantibodies allow identification of the target antigens in 80-90% of patients. This enables the precise classification of disease entities, with implications for treatment selection and disease outcome. In 2019, the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab was approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of moderate and severe pemphigus vulgaris, with an ensuing marked improvement in the care of the affected patients. To treat mild and moderate bullous pemphigoid, topical clobetasol proprionate is recommended, in severe disease, combined with systemic treatment, i.e. usually (a) prednisolone p.o. at an initial dose of 0.5mg/kg/d , (b) an immunomodulant, e.g. dapsone or doxycycline, or (c) prednisolone plus an immunomodulant.
conclusionThe early recognition and precise diagnostic evaluation of bullous autoimmune dermatoses now enables improved, often interdisciplinary treatment, in accordance with the available guidelines. Current research projects are focused on new treatment approaches, an improved understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, and further refinements of diagnostic techniques.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.