ReviewWorld journal of clinical cases2021
Essentials of thoracic outlet syndrome: A narrative review.
Review in World journal of clinical cases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Disharmony Loop: The Role of the Pectoralis Minor in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Article
- Upper Crossed Syndrome in the Workplace: A Narrative Review with Clinical Recommendations for Non-Pharmacologic Management.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Operative Treatment of Clavicle Nonunion Complicated With Acute Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2025Article
- Robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery first rib resection-surgical technique.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Article
- Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome-A Case Study of a 23-Year-Old Female Patient Diagnosed Using a Thermal Imaging Camera.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Giant Interpectoral Lipoma Causing Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Rare Case Presentation.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome with the lower trunk compression of brachial plexus by high-frequency ultrasonography.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of diverse disorders involving compression of the nerves and/or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet region. TOS results in pain, numbness, paresthesia, and motor weakness in the affected upper limb. We reviewed the pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, differential diagnoses, and treatment of TOS. TOS is usually classified into three types, neurogenic, venous, and arterial, according to the primarily affected structure. Both true neurogenic and disputed TOS are considered neurogenic TOS. Since identifying the causative lesions is complex, detailed history taking and thorough clinical investigation are needed. Electrodiagnostic and imaging studies are helpful for excluding other possible disorders and confirming the diagnosis of true neurogenic TOS. The existence of a disputed TOS remains controversial. Neuromuscular physicians tend to be skeptical about the existence of disputed TOS, but thoracic surgeons argue that disputed TOS is under-diagnosed. Clinicians who encounter patients with TOS need to understand its key features to avoid misdiagnosis and provide appropriate treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.