Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34367671›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical and translational science2021

Understanding and applying the RE-AIM framework: Clarifications and resources.

Jodi Summers Holtrop, Paul A Estabrooks, Bridget Gaglio, Samantha M Harden, Rodger S Kessler, Diane K King, Bethany M Kwan, Marcia G Ory, Borsika A Rabin, Rachel C Shelton and 1 more

5 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical and translational science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 357 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
357citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06105437 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

BE-EMPOWERed Study: Belgian Study Enhancing the Uptake and the Effectiveness of a Multifactorial Falls Prevention Intervention in Older Community-dWElling peRsons

TypeinterventionalSponsorKU LeuvenRan2023 to 2025Enrolled550ConditionsFalls Prevention, Implementation, Older PeopleArmsBE-EMPOWERed program
NCT06239688 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Evaluating a National Person-Centered Training Program to Strengthen the Dementia Care Workforce

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel HillRan2024 to 2027Enrolled1,764ConditionsAging, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Long-Term Care, DementiaArmsessentiALZ, Project ECHO
NCT06661538 phase2recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Addressing Food Insecurity in the Health Care Setting to Promote Health Equity

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San DiegoRan2025 to 2028Enrolled600ConditionsFood InsecurityArmsFood Security Screening & Referral Program
NCT07345832 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Volunteer-Engaged Lifestyle Optimisation Via ICOPE on Sarcopenia in Older Adults (VELO-S): A Randomised Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe University of Hong KongRan2026 to 2027Enrolled200ConditionsSarcopenia, Sarcopenia in Elderly, Fall Prevention in Healthy Aging, Frailty SyndromeArmsVolunteer-Engaged Lifestyle Optimisation via ICOPE for Sarcopenia program (VELO-S), Attention control
NCT07532551 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Assessing the Clinical and Cost Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (iCBT) for Anxiety and Depression in Singapore

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational University of SingaporeRan2026 to 2028Enrolled390ConditionsDepression and/or Anxiety in the Mild-to-moderate Range, Cognitive Behavioral TherapyArmsInternet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

357 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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297 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jodi Summers HoltropUniversity of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-4014
Paul A EstabrooksUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Bridget GaglioPatient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), Washington, DC, USA.
Samantha M HardenVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Rodger S KesslerUniversity of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Diane K KingUniversity of Alaska Anchorage, Center for Behavioral Health Research and Services, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Anchorage, AK, USA.
Bethany M KwanUniversity of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-5618
Marcia G OryTexas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Borsika A RabinUniversity of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Rachel C SheltonColumbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
Russell E GlasgowUniversity of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.

Funding

Tracking and Evaluation CoreU54GM115458 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI PHILIBERT, INGRID · 2016 to 2025
$42.8M
Pragmatic Implementation Science Approaches to Assess and Enhance Value of Cancer Prevention and Control in Rural Primary CareP50CA244688 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI GLASGOW, RUSSELL E · 2019 to 2023
$4.9M
NCI NIH HHS P50 CA244688NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115458
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionUnderstanding, categorizing, and using implementation science theories, models, and frameworks is a complex undertaking. The issues involved are even more challenging given the large number of frameworks and that some of them evolve significantly over time. As a consequence, researchers and practitioners may be unintentionally mischaracterizing frameworks or basing actions and conclusions on outdated versions of a framework.

methodsThis paper addresses how the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework has been described, summarizes how the model has evolved over time, and identifies and corrects several misconceptions.

resultsWe address 13 specific areas where misconceptions have been noted concerning the use of RE-AIM and summarize current guidance on these issues. We also discuss key changes to RE-AIM over the past 20 years, including the evolution to Pragmatic Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model, and provide resources for potential users to guide application of the framework.

conclusionsRE-AIM and many other theories and frameworks have evolved, been misunderstood, and sometimes been misapplied. To some degree, this is inevitable, but we conclude by suggesting some actions that reviewers, framework developers, and those selecting or applying frameworks can do to prevent or alleviate these problems.

Indexed as

adaptationcontextgeneralizationimplementation science frameworkPRISMRE-AIMsustainability

Identifiers

PMID34367671
PMCPMC8327549

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.