Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34367645›Full record

ArticleNew microbes and new infections2021

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in patients negative for immunoglobulin G following recovery from COVID-19.

A M Ali, K M Ali, M H Fatah, H M Tawfeeq, H M Rostam

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in New microbes and new infections, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Extending ImmunoSpotVaccines · 2026
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  12. Review
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  16. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and COVID-19 severity.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022
    Article
  17. Nucleocapsid and spike antibody responses following virologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: an observational analysis in the Virus Watch community cohort.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022
    Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

A M AliDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
K M AliMedical Lab Technology Department, Kalar Technical College, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
M H FatahMedical Lab Technology Department, Kalar Technical College, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
H M TawfeeqMedical Lab Technology Department, Kalar Technical College, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
H M RostamImmunology & Immuno-bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
Sulaimani Polytechnic University · IQUniversity of GarmianUniversity of Nottingham · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While many patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) eventually produce neutralising antibodies, the degree of susceptibility of previously infected individuals to reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 is currently unknown. To better understand the impact of the immunoglobulin (IgG) level on reinfection in recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, anti-nucleocapsid IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 were measured in 829 patients with a previously confirmed infection just after their recovery. Notably, 87 of these patients had no detectable IgG concentration. While there was just one case of asymptomatic reinfection 4.5 months after the initial recovery amongst patients with detectable anti-nucleocapsid IgG levels, 25 of the 87 patients negative for anti-nucleocapsid IgG were reinfected within one to three months after their first infection. Therefore, patients who recover from COVID-19 with no detectable anti-nucleocapsid IgG concentration appear to remain more susceptible to reinfection by SARS-CoV-2, with no apparent immunity. Also, although our results suggest the chance is lower, the possibility for recovered patients with positive anti-nucleocapsid IgG findings to be reinfected similarly exists.

Indexed as

COVID-19immunoglobulin GreinfectionSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34367645
PMCPMC8327640
OpenAlexW3188863859

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.