ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
CAR-NK Cells Effectively Target SARS-CoV-2-Spike-Expressing Cell Lines
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- CAR Immunotherapy for the treatment of infectious diseases: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Natural killer cells against viral infection: from basic biology to immunotherapy.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- CAR T cell therapy beyond cancer: current status, challenges and future prospects.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- CD4 T-cell platform for delivering interferons as an antiviral countermeasure with a focus on SARS-CoV-2.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Advancements and expanding applications of CAR-T cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Discovery of a pan anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody with highly efficient infected cell killing capacity for novel immunotherapeutic approaches.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Balancing Host Defense and Viral Tolerance for the Development of Next-Generation Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immunoengineering: An Emerging Field in Infectious Diseases.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Leukoreduction filter derived NK cells offer a promising source for off the shelf CAR NK cell immunotherapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Diverse potential of chimeric antigen receptor-engineered cell therapy: Beyond cancer.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Review
- Unleashing the power of CAR-M therapy in solid tumors: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- In Silico Design of miniACE2 Decoys with In Vitro Enhanced Neutralization Activity against SARS-CoV-2, EncompassingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- S309-CAR-NK cells bind the Omicron variantsJournal of virology · 2024Article
- Modeling of ACE2 and antibodies bound to SARS-CoV-2 provides insights into infectivity and immune evasion.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Specific Activation of T Cells by an ACE2-Based CAR-Like Receptor upon Recognition of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Unlocking therapeutic potential: integration of drug repurposing and immunotherapy for various disease targeting.American journal of translational research · 2023Review
- High-Affinity Antibodies Designing of SARS-CoV-2 Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Antigen-Specific T Cells and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Current Approaches and Future Possibilities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
16 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious and presents a significant public health issue. Current therapies used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include monoclonal antibody cocktail, convalescent plasma, antivirals, immunomodulators, and anticoagulants. The vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna have recently been authorized for emergency use, which are invaluable for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, their long-term side effects are not yet documented, and populations with immunocompromised conditions (e.g., organ-transplantation and immunodeficient patients) may not be able to mount an effective immune response. In addition, there are concerns that wide-scale immunity to SARS-CoV-2 may introduce immune pressure that could select for escape mutants to the existing vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies. Emerging evidence has shown that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)- natural killer (NK) immunotherapy has potent antitumor response in hematologic cancers with minimal adverse effects in recent studies, however, the potentials of CAR-NK cells in treating COVID-19 has not yet been fully exploited. Here, we improve upon a novel approach for the generation of CAR-NK cells for targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its various mutants. CAR-NK cells were generated using the scFv domain of S309 (henceforward, S309-CAR-NK), a SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (NAbs) that targets the highly conserved region of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein and is therefore more likely to recognize different variants of SARS-CoV-2 isolates. S309-CAR-NK cells can specifically bind to pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus and its D614G, N501Y, and E484K mutants. Furthermore, S309-CAR-NK cells can specifically kill target cells expressing SARS-CoV-2 S protein
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.