ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2021
The Role of Gulls as Reservoirs of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments: A Scoping Review.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Wild birds as environmental reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in free-ranging wild mammals.BMC veterinary research · 2025Pooled it
- CT Atlas of the Coelomic Cavity in the Yellow-Legged Gull (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Occurrence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in yellow-legged seagulls (Larus michahellis) from Central Italy.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Genomic Diversity and Resistance Backgrounds of Enterobacteriaceae from Gulls and Coastal Environments.Genes · 2026Article
- AMR in wild animals and plants: global trends and future priorities in wildlife-associated antimicrobial resistance research.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Real-time genomic pathogen, resistance, and host range characterization from passive water sampling of wetland ecosystems.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife: detection of β-lactam/carbapenem resistance genes in European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus, Linnaeus 1758) in Italy.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- From Host-Derived Pressures to the Environmental Anti-Antimicrobial Peptides Resistome: Mechanisms, Reservoirs and Implications for Therapeutic Peptide Design.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Harnessing the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl essential oil against Aeromonas spp.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Wildlife: Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Red Foxes (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Fish are poor sentinels for surveillance of riverine antimicrobial resistance.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- The ecological threat posed by invasive species as silent carriers of global priority bacteria to wildlife.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Mobile genetic elements and wastewater treatment: contaminants of emerging concern, climate change, and trophic transmission.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial resistance at a turning point: microbial drivers, one health, and global futures.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Dirty habits: potential for spread of antibiotic-resistance by black-headed gulls from waste-water treatment plants.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2024Article
- Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-ResistantVeterinary sciences · 2024Article
- First Insights on Resistance and Virulence Potential ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Anthropogenic contamination sources drive differences in antimicrobial-resistantApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Potential of Bacterial Species from Captive Birds of Prey-Consequences of Falconry for Public Health.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of wildlife with long-range dispersal such as gulls in the global dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across natural and anthropogenic aquatic environments remains poorly understood. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been detected in resident and migratory gulls worldwide for more than a decade, suggesting gulls as either sentinels of AMR pollution from anthropogenic sources or independent reservoirs that could maintain and disperse AMR across aquatic environments. However, confirming either of these roles remains challenging and incomplete. In this review, we present current knowledge on the geographic regions where AMR has been detected in gulls, the molecular characterization of resistance genes, and the evidence supporting the capacity of gulls to disperse AMR across regions or countries. We identify several limitations of current research to assess the role of gulls in the spread of AMR including most studies not identifying the source of AMR, few studies comparing bacteria isolated in gulls with other wild or domestic species, and almost no study performing longitudinal sampling over a large period of time to assess the maintenance and dispersion of AMR by gulls within and across regions. We suggest future research required to confirm the role of gulls in the global dispersion of AMR including the standardization of sampling protocols, longitudinal sampling using advanced satellite tracking, and whole-genome sequencing typing. Finally, we discuss the public health implications of the spread of AMR by gulls and potential solutions to limit its spread in aquatic environments.
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