ArticleFrontiers in psychology2021
Dimensionality of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ48).
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The dark side of mental toughness: a meta-analysis of the relationship between the dark triad traits and mental toughness.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Comprehensive integration of mental health screening and triage with mental performance services through a sport science hub model in collegiate sport.Discover mental health · 2026Review
- Non-Cognitive Adaptive Resourcefulness: Scrutiny of Its Multidimensionality and Nomological Validity.Psychological reports · 2026Article
- Adolescent Mental Toughness Questionnaire (aMTQ10): development, validation and norms.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The effect of digital literacy on mental toughness: research on a sport branch.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Hitting boundaries: Contract type, playing experience, non-cognitive skills, and sport anxiety in elite women cricketers.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- The Potential Benefits of Non-skills Training (Mental Toughness) for Elite Athletes: Coping With the Negative Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Currently there is debate as to whether mental toughness is a unidimensional or multidimensional construct. To investigate the dimensionality of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48-items (MTQ48), a widely used measure of mental toughness, we examined data from a sample of 78,947 participants. A series of exploratory structural equation models (ESEM) assessed unidimensional, multidimensional, and bifactor solutions. Overall, results supported a bifactor conceptualization of mental toughness. Bifactor analysis was consistent with the use of a general factor score. In conclusion, the authors argue that mental toughness should be considered as an umbrella term representing a general trait comprised of related constructs that provide a psychological advantage in performance and promote positive mental health. Finally, this article identifies limitations in the existing measurement of mental toughness and proposes necessary directions in future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.