ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2021
Lifelong Bilingualism Functions as an Alternative Intervention for Cognitive Reserve Against Alzheimer's Disease.
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Language, Immigration, Race and Cognitive Health: Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Real-world datasets for the International Registry for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias (InRAD) and other registries: An international consensus.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity in cognitive profiles of monolingual and bilingual Hispanic/Latino older adults in HABS-HD.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2024Article
- Sex as a Determinant of Age-Related Changes in the Brain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Language diversity across home and work contexts differentially impacts age- and menopause-related declines in cognitive control in healthy females.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2024Article
- Psychometric reliability, validity, and generalizability of 3MSE scores among American Indian adults: the Strong Heart Study.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2024Article
- Article
- Thirty Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease Unified by a Common Neuroimmune-Neuroinflammation Mechanism.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Bilingual neurocognitive resiliency, vulnerability, and Alzheimer's disease biomarker correlates in Latino older adults enrolled in the Health and Aging Brain Study - Health Disparities (HABS-HD).Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bilingualism has been reported to significantly delay the onset of dementia and plays an important role in the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a condition inducing impairment in the brain network and cognitive decline. Cognitive reserve is associated with the adaptive maintenance of neural functions by protecting against neuropathology. Bilingualism acts as a beneficial environmental factor contributing to cognitive reserve, although some potential confounding variables still need further elucidation. In this article, the relationship between bilingualism and cognitive reserve is discussed, interpreting the advantage of bilingualism in protecting against cognitive decline. In addition, the possible brain and biochemical mechanisms, supporting the advantageous effects of bilingualism in delaying the onset of dementia, involved in bilingualism are reviewed. Effectively, bilingualism can be considered as a pharmacological intervention with no side effects. However, the investigation of the pharmacological parameters of bilingualism is still at an early stage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.