Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34366794›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in neural circuits2021

Persistent Activity During Working Memory From Front to Back.

Clayton E Curtis, Thomas C Sprague

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in neural circuits, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Prefrontal Mechanisms of Rule Learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Dynamics of working memory drift and information flow across the cortical hierarchy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  10. Memory in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Prioritizing Working Memory Resources Depends on the Prefrontal Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Prioritizing working memory resources depends on prefrontal cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Timescales of learning in prefrontal cortex.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024
    Review
  20. Trying Harder: How Cognitive Effort Sculpts Neural Representations during Working Memory.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Clayton E CurtisDepartment of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
Thomas C SpragueDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.

Funding

Putting Priority Map Theory to the TestR01EY016407 · NEI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · PI CURTIS, CLAYTON E · 2006 to 2023
$5.8M
Deep sampling of cognitive effects in the human visual systemR01EY034118 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI CLAYTON E CURTIS, Kendrick Norris Kay · 2023 to 2026
$1.9M
Neural decoding of working memoryR01EY027925 · NEI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · PI CURTIS, CLAYTON E, MA, WEI JI · 2017 to 2020
$1.3M
Effects of behavioral priority on working memory representationsF32EY028438 · NEI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · PI SPRAGUE, THOMAS C · 2017 to 2018
$77k
NEI NIH HHS F32 EY028438NEI NIH HHS R01 EY016407NEI NIH HHS R01 EY027925NEI NIH HHS R01 EY034118
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Working memory (WM) extends the duration over which information is available for processing. Given its importance in supporting a wide-array of high level cognitive abilities, uncovering the neural mechanisms that underlie WM has been a primary goal of neuroscience research over the past century. Here, we critically review what we consider the two major "arcs" of inquiry, with a specific focus on findings that were theoretically transformative. For the first arc, we briefly review classic studies that led to the canonical WM theory that cast the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a central player utilizing persistent activity of neurons as a mechanism for memory storage. We then consider recent challenges to the theory regarding the role of persistent neural activity. The second arc, which evolved over the last decade, stemmed from sophisticated computational neuroimaging approaches enabling researchers to decode the contents of WM from the patterns of neural activity in many parts of the brain including early visual cortex. We summarize key findings from these studies, their implications for WM theory, and finally the challenges these findings pose. Our goal in doing so is to identify barriers to developing a comprehensive theory of WM that will require a unification of these two "arcs" of research.

Indexed as

Models, NeurologicalAction PotentialsAnimalsHumansMemory, Short-TermNerve NetPrefrontal CortexdecodingFEFfMRILipPFCsaccadesvisual cortexworking memory

Identifiers

PMID34366794
PMCPMC8334735

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.