Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34366276›Full record

ArticleJournal of geriatric oncology2022

Relationship between cognitive functioning and frailty in older breast cancer survivors.

Tim A Ahles, Elizabeth Schofield, Yuelin Li, Elizabeth Ryan, James C Root, Sunita K Patel, Katrazyna McNeal, Alexandra Gaynor, Heidi Tan, Vani Katheria and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of geriatric oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Frailty and neurocognitive impairments in Chinese survivors of childhood cancer.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Postoperative delirium in patients with cancer: a narrative review of major risk factors.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2026
    Review
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  12. Effects of Breast Cancer Treatment on Neural Noise: a Longitudinal Design.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Tim A AhlesDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: ahlest@mskcc.org.
Elizabeth SchofieldDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Yuelin LiDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Elizabeth RyanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
James C RootDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Sunita K PatelDepartments of Population Science and Supportive Care Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Katrazyna McNealDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Alexandra GaynorDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Heidi TanDepartments of Population Science and Supportive Care Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Vani KatheriaDepartments of Population Science and Supportive Care Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Jessica VazquezDepartments of Population Science and Supportive Care Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Tiffany TrainaDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Arti HurriaCenter for Cancer and Ageing, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center · USCity of Hope · US

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Nicholas D Socci · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
Training and Career Development CoreU54CA132378 · NCI · CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK · PI Tim Alan Ahles, ADRIANA ESPINOSA · 2008 to 2026
$28.9M
Training and Career Development and Education CoreU54CA137788 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI Daniel Alan Heller · 2008 to 2026
$28.1M
Cognition In Older Breast Cancer Survivors: Treatment Exposure, APOE, & SmokingR01CA172119 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI AHLES, TIM ALAN, HURRIA, ARTI · 2013 to 2017
$3.5M
EPA EP-C-17-023EPA EP-D-17-023NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NCI NIH HHS R01 CA172119NCI NIH HHS U54 CA132378NCI NIH HHS U54 CA137788
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe relationship between cognitive function and frailty in older, long-term breast cancer survivors was examined. MATERIALS AND

methodsBreast cancer survivors who were diagnosed and treated at 60 years of age or above and were 5-15 year disease-free survivors and non-cancer controls matched on age and education were evaluated with neuropsychological tests and the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment which was used to assess frailty based on a deficit accumulation frailty index (DAFI).

resultsUnadjusted regression analyses revealed that cancer survivors scored significantly lower on the Language (P = 0.015), Attention, Processing Speed, Executive Function (APE) (P = 0.015), and Learning and Memory (LM) (P = 0.023) domains compared to controls. However, only the LM domain remained significantly different (P = 0.002) in the adjusted analysis. Survivors had significantly higher DAFI scores compared to controls (p = 0.006) and significantly more survivors were categorized as pre-frail or frail (35%) compared to controls (23%, P = 0.009). Increasing frailty scores were associated with worse cognitive performance across all domains (all Ps ≤ 0.004). For the LM domain, there was a significant interaction (P = 0.019) between DAFI score and survivorship vs control status. Survivors demonstrated a significant linear decline in LM scores as DAFI scores increased, whereas controls demonstrated comparable scores between the robust and pre-frail DAFI groups, demonstrating decline in the frailty group only.

conclusionOlder, long-term breast cancer survivors had lower cognitive performance and higher levels of frailty compared to controls. For the Learning and Memory domain, the decline in performance began in the pre-frail range for survivors, but not controls.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsCancer SurvivorsFrailtyAgedCognitionFemaleFrail ElderlyGeriatric AssessmentHumansCognition frailtyOlder breast cancer survivor

Identifiers

PMID34366276
PMCPMC9262141
OpenAlexW3192629054

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.