ArticleFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology2021
Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 activates macrophages and contributes to induction of acute lung inflammation in male mice.
Article in FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- NEMO/IKKγ: Emerging player in the NF-κB pathway and potential therapeutic target in inflammation.Inflammation · 2026Review
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- UltradilutedDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Fu Tu Sheng Jin Rehabilitation Formula Mitigate Airway Inflammation, Mucus Secretion and Immune Dysfunction Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Multifaceted role of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in lung injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins and Cell-Cell Communication Induce P-Selectin and Markers of Endothelial Injury, NETosis, and Inflammation in Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Neutrophils: Implications for the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Coagulopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Effects of Different Types of Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein on Circulating Monocytes' Structure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- The potential role of scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI) in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- The SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein induces long-term transcriptional perturbations of mitochondrial metabolic genes, causes cardiac fibrosis, and reduces myocardial contractile in obese mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces inflammation and EMT of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts through the upregulation of GADD45A.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2023Article
- In vitro immunogenic profile of recombinant SARS-CoV2 S1-RBD peptide in murine macrophage and microglial cells.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2023Article
- The Ethanol Extract of Evodiae Fructus and Its Ingredient, Rutaecarpine, Inhibit Infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Inflammatory Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Human lungs show limited permissiveness for SARS-CoV-2 due to scarce ACE2 levels but virus-induced expansion of inflammatory macrophages.The European respiratory journal · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein inhibits megalin-mediated albumin endocytosis in proximal tubule epithelial cells.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2022Article
- Review
- Calcium dobesilate reduces SARS-CoV-2 entry into endothelial cells by inhibiting virus binding to heparan sulfate.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein triggers hyperinflammation via protein-protein interaction-mediated intracellular ClSignal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Article
- Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: the spike hypothesis.Trends in molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) plays a crucial role in mediating viral entry into host cells. However, whether it contributes to pulmonary hyperinflammation in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 is not well known. In this study, we developed a spike protein-pseudotyped (Spp) lentivirus with the proper tropism of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on the surface and determined the distribution of the Spp lentivirus in wild-type C57BL/6J male mice that received an intravenous injection of the virus. Lentiviruses with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) or with a deletion of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein [Spp (∆RBD)] were used as controls. Two hours postinfection (hpi), there were 27-75 times more viral burden from Spp lentivirus in the lungs than in other organs; there were also about 3-5 times more viral burden from Spp lentivirus than from VSV-G lentivirus in the lungs, liver, kidney, and spleen. Deletion of RBD diminished viral loads in the lungs but not in the heart. Acute pneumonia was observed in animals 24 hpi. Spp lentivirus was mainly found in SPC
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