Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34365574›Full record

ReviewInternational microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology2021

Microbial warfare in the wild-the impact of protists on the evolution and virulence of bacterial pathogens.

Francisco Amaro, Ana Martín-González

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Hyperactive Rac converts sublethal to lethal trogocytosis in vivo.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Hyperactive Rac converts sublethal nibbling to lethal phagocytosisbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. A ~40-kb flavi-like virus does not encode a known error-correcting mechanism.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Francisco AmaroDepartment of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain. famaroto@ucm.es.
Ana Martín-GonzálezDepartment of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-3133
Universidad Complutense de Madrid · ES

Funding

Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España CGL2016-75494
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During the long history of co-evolution with protists, bacteria have evolved defense strategies to avoid grazing and survive phagocytosis. These mechanisms allow bacteria to exploit phagocytic cells as a protective niche in which to escape from environmental stress and even replicate. Importantly, these anti-grazing mechanisms can function as virulence factors when bacteria infect humans. Here, we discuss how protozoan predation exerts a selective pressure driving bacterial virulence and shaping their genomes, and how bacteria-protist interactions might contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance as well. We provide examples to demonstrate that besides being voracious bacterial predators, protozoa can serve as melting pots where intracellular organisms exchange genetic information, or even "training grounds" where some pathogens become hypervirulent after passing through. In this special issue, we would like to emphasize the tremendous impact of bacteria-protist interactions on human health and the potential of amoebae as model systems to study biology and evolution of a variety of pathogens. Besides, a better understanding of bacteria-protist relationships will help us expand our current understanding of bacterial virulence and, likely, how pathogens emerge.

Indexed as

AmoebaBacteriaHumansVirulenceVirulence FactorsVirulence FactorsAmoebaeCiliatesGrazing resistanceInteractionsProtozoan predationVirulence

Identifiers

PMID34365574
OpenAlexW3187381041

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.