SynthesisSleep medicine2021
Cerebrospinal fluid orexin in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Sleep medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Orexin, Sleep, and Cognition in Alzheimer Disease: Non-REM Oscillatory Activity and Neural Resilience.Neurology · 2026Observational
- Wake-promoting neuromodulators in Alzheimer's disease: Implications for sleep and brain clearance.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Sleep disturbances and Alzheimer's disease: a multiscale approach from exposome to neurobiology and precision medicine.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Targeting the Orexin System in the Pharmacological Management of Insomnia and Other Diseases: Suvorexant, Lemborexant, Daridorexant, and Novel Experimental Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cerebrospinal-fluid Orexin-A levels in different neurocognitive disorders: a comparison study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Associations of Cerebrospinal Fluid Orexin-A, Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers, and Cognitive Performance.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Review
- Remote evaluation of sleep to enhance understanding of early dementia due to Alzheimer's Disease (RESTED-AD): an observational cohort study protocol.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- The neuroprotective and neural circuit mechanisms of acupoint stimulation for cognitive impairment.Chinese medicine · 2023Review
- Role of astrocytes in sleep deprivation: accomplices, resisters, or bystanders?Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Electroacupuncture Enhances Neuroplasticity by Regulating the Orexin A-Mediated cAMP/PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- What evidence is there for implicating the brain orexin system in neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/
backgroundA growing body of evidence suggests that sleep and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have a bi-directional relationship. Emerging research also suggests that orexin, a key neurotransmitter involved in sleep-wake regulation, may be altered in persons with AD, however results have not been consistent across prior studies. This investigation was conducted to both evaluate the aggregate literature to minimize the risk of bias and identify potential factors associated with heterogeneity across studies.
methodsSystematic review identified relevant investigations that compared cerebrospinal fluid orexin in persons with AD and controls. Meta-analysis (random effects model) compared effect size (Hedge's g) for orexin between AD and controls. Meta-regression was additionally performed for key variables of interest to evaluate potential causes of heterogeneity among studies.
results17 studies were identified that met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Evidence of publication bias was not identified. Non-significant increases in orexin were observed in AD relative to controls, with moderate to large heterogeneity among studies (Hedge's g = 0.20, p = 0.136, I
conclusionsResults do not support broad differences in orexin in AD compared to controls, however, evolving diagnostic criteria may have affected findings across studies. Future research that examines orexin in AD over the longitudinal course of the disorder and explores potential links between phosphorylated tau and orexin are indicated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.