ReviewInternational journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics2022
An Overview of Phase 2 Clinical Trial Designs.
Review in International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06426602 (Unlocking Functional Communication for Patients With Disorders of Consciousness With Innovative Brain Computer Interface Technology), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Unlocking Functional Communication for Patients With Disorders of Consciousness With Innovative Brain Computer Interface Technology
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Correlation between surrogate endpoints and overall survival in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Physical activity coaching programme for people with Long COVID: a pilot randomised clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of first-line sintilimab plus anlotinib versus chemotherapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II, open-label, randomized controlled trial.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety of JMT103 in patients with unresectable or surgically-challenging giant cell tumor of bone: a multicenter, phase Ib/II study.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Tempered optimism: Advances in the precision medicine era for pediatric low-grade glioma.Neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection followed by chemoradiotherapy with S-1 plus cisplatin for esophageal cancer.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Trial design and end points in hepatocellular carcinoma: an EASL-AASLD-ILCA consensus statement.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Article
- BUDS: Benchmark Uncertainty Design Selection for Two-Stage Single-Arm Phase II Trials.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Coming clean: should adults undergoing cardiac surgery be transfused point-of-care washed allogeneic red blood cells?Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- A Bayesian Treatment Selection Design for Phase II Randomised Cancer Clinical Trials.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- Combination Therapy, Drug Interactions, and Survival Outcomes in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Phase II Trials.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2026Article
- The Economics of Drug Development: A Comparison between Orphan and Non-orphan Drugs.Current drug discovery technologies · 2026Article
- Reply.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Clinical trials for neuropsychiatric syndromes in major and mild neurocognitive disorders: A CONSORT-based approach.International psychogeriatrics · 2025Review
- Article
- Blunted Blood Pressure Dipping During Night Shift Work: Does It Matter? Can We Intervene?American journal of industrial medicine · 2025Article
- Ethical and academic dilemmas in authorship of clinical research publications: a medical oncologist's perspective.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Cyclodextrin-based therapeutics delivery systems: A review of current clinical trials.Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2025Review
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) trials: A cross-sectional analysis of clinical trials registries.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Leaflet: Operative Steps for Interventional Studies in Neuroscience.Neurology international · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Clinical trials are studies to test new treatments in humans. Typically, these treatments are evaluated over several phases to assess their safety and efficacy. Phase 1 trials are designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a new treatment, typically with a small number of patients (eg, 20-80), generally spread across several dose levels. Phase 2 trials are designed to determine whether the new treatment has sufficiently promising efficacy to warrant further investigation in a large-scale randomized phase 3 trial, as well as to further assess safety. These studies usually involve a few hundred patients. This article provides an overview of some of the most commonly used phase 2 designs for clinical trials and emphasizes their critical elements and considerations. Key references to some of the most commonly used phase 2 designs are given to allow the reader to explore in more detail the critical aspects when planning a phase 2 trial. A comparison of 3 potential designs in the context of the NRG-HN002 trial is presented to complement the discussion about phase 2 trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.