ArticleImmunologic research2021
Neurological symptoms and axonal damage in COVID-19 survivors: are there sequelae?
Article in Immunologic research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and evidence gap mapping of biomarkers associated with neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Blood Biomarkers as Prognostic Indicators for Neurological Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sequelae of COVID-19 among previously hospitalized patients up to 1 year after discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infection · 2022Pooled it
- Role of Non-Invasive Ventilation in Elderly Patients: Therapeutic Opportunity or Medical Futility? An Updated Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Insight into NeuroCOVID: neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a biomarker in post-COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunctions.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Anatomy Education and Training Methods in Oral Surgery and Dental Implantology: A Narrative Review.Dentistry journal · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- Corrigendum to "The prevalence and long-term health effects of long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis".EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Neurological symptoms and neuronal damage markers in acute COVID-19: Is there a correlation? A pilot study.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Neurological manifestations of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: which liquid biomarker should we use?Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Brain injury in COVID-19 is associated with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Serum neurofilament light chain levels in Covid-19 patients without major neurological manifestations.Journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Plasma Markers of Neurologic Injury and Inflammation in People With Self-Reported Neurologic Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Sleep alterations following COVID-19 are associated with both neuroinflammation and psychological disorders, although at different times.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The persistence of neurological symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the presence of late axonal damage, is still unknown. We performed extensive systemic and neurological follow-up evaluations in 107 out of 193 consecutive patients admitted to the COVID-19 medical unit, University Hospital of Verona, Italy between March and June 2020. We analysed serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in all cases including a subgroup (n = 29) of patients with available onset samples. Comparisons between clinical and biomarker data were then performed. Neurological symptoms were still present in a significant number (n = 49) of patients over the follow-up. The most common reported symptoms were hyposmia (n = 11), fatigue (n = 28), myalgia (n = 14), and impaired memory (n = 11) and were more common in cases with severe acute COVID-19. Follow-up serum NfL values (15.2 pg/mL, range 2.4-62.4) were within normal range in all except 5 patients and did not differentiate patients with vs without persistent neurological symptoms. In patients with available onset and follow-up samples, a significant (p < 0.001) decrease of NfL levels was observed and was more evident in patients with a severe acute disease. Despite the common persistence of neurological symptoms, COVID-19 survivors do not show active axonal damage, which seems a peculiar feature of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.