ArticleThe journal of pathology. Clinical research2021
Pattern of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) expression in human tumors: a tissue microarray study on 12,381 tumors.
Article in The journal of pathology. Clinical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular subtyping and prognostic model construction based on endosome-related genes in colorectal cancer.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Molecular pathology of testicular germ cell tumours: an update for practicing pathologists.Histopathology · 2026Review
- Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Biomarker Advances.Research and reports in urology · 2026Review
- Lung adenocarcinoma surfaceome remodeling with EGFR inhibitors uncovers placental alkaline phosphatase as a target for combination therapy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Isolation Strategy Matters: How Tissue Processing Shapes the Composition of Placental Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- Clinicopathological characteristics and molecular genetic analysis of inflammatory and nested testicular sex cord tumor: a case report and literature review.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- PLAP expression is linked to invasive tumor growth in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- Ovotesticular disorders of sex development with dysgerminoma in a 46, XX/46, XY female: A case report.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Article
- Article
- [Important changes to the 2022 WHO classification of testicular tumours : A guide for diagnostics].Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- ALPP Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer Cells.Cancer management and research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the immunological functions of placental alkaline phosphataseFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Adoptive immune cell therapy for colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Correlation between initial alkaline phosphatase levels and overall survival in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- Ovarian Sex Cord Stromal Tumor in a Free-Ranging Brown Bear (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- New insights on testicular cancer prevalence with novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Circulating extracellular vesicles in healthy and pathological pregnancies: A scoping review of methodology, rigour and results.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2023Article
- Do alkaline phosphatases have great potential in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tumors?Translational cancer research · 2023Review
- Generation and Functional Characterization of PLAP CAR-T Cells against Cervical Cancer Cells.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Semi-automated validation and quantification of CTLA-4 in 90 different tumor entities using multiple antibodies and artificial intelligence.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is commonly expressed at high levels in testicular germ cell tumors. PLAP immunohistochemistry (IHC) is thus often used to confirm this diagnosis, especially in cases of putative metastasis. However, other tumors can also express PLAP. To comprehensively determine PLAP expression in normal and tumor tissue, a tissue microarray containing 16,166 samples from 131 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples from 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by IHC. Moderate to strong PLAP positivity was found in 27 (21%) of 131 different tumor types including seminoma (96%), embryonal carcinoma (85%), and yolk sac tumors of the testis (56%); endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium (28%) and the ovary (20%); gastric adenocarcinoma (22%); serous carcinoma (not otherwise specified) of the ovary (17%) and the uterus (11%); adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater (15%); carcinosarcoma of the ovary (11%) and the uterus (8%); esophageal adenocarcinoma (10%); invasive urothelial carcinoma (4%); cholangiocarcinoma (2%); and adenocarcinoma of the lung (1%). Low-level PLAP immunostaining, often involving only a small fraction of tumor cells, was seen in 21 additional tumor entities. The clinical significance of PLAP expression may vary between tumor types as high PLAP expression was linked to advanced pathological tumor stage (p = 0.0086), nodal metastasis (p = 0.0085), and lymphatic (p = 0.0007) and blood vessel invasion (p = 0.0222) in colorectal cancer, but to low pathological tumor stage in endometrial cancer (p = 0.0043). In conclusion, our data identify several tumor entities that can show PLAP expression at comparable levels to testicular germ cell tumors. These tumor entities need to be considered in cases of PLAP-positive metastasis. Low-level PLAP expression can be found in various other tumor entities and should generally not be viewed as a strong argument for germ cell neoplasia.
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