ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2022
Heavy metals levels and associated health risk assessment of Euphorbia granulata Forssk.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Medicinal plants are considered as the safest approach to treat various ailments. However, prolonged consumption of plants containing high levels of heavy metals (HMs) can lead to deleterious consequences. Euphorbia granulata (EG) is therapeutically used in Pakistan and many parts of the world. This study assessed EG from three districts of Khyber Pakhun Khwa, Pakistan, for the levels of seven HMs (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Ag, Hg, and As) and the associated health risks. Non-carcinogenic health risk associated with HMs was assessed from hazard quotients (THQ) and hazard index (HI). THQ values of Hg for Peshawar (1.566) and Mardan (1.897) were above the safe recommended limits (< 1) of USEPA. Overall more than 80% of THQ was contributed by the Hg alone. Total cancer risk (TCR) was calculated using incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). The hazard index (HI) displayed by Peshawar (1.87) and Mardan (2.7) samples indicated the potential adverse health effects due to EG. Furthermore, the TCR for Peshawar (2.2 × 10
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