ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
Cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry distinguishes psychosis spectrum disorders from differential diagnoses.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neuroinflammation: an unfortunate term to describe schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Linking peripheral low-grade inflammation and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier leakage in schizophrenia spectrum disorders - A retrospective analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Pilot study of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers reveals inflammatory changes in patients with paranoid schizophrenia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- MentalAId: an improved DenseNet model to assist scalable psychosis assessment.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Immunophenotypes in psychosis: is it a premature inflamm-aging disorder?Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Inflammation and cognition in severe mental illness: patterns of covariation and subgroups.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Supporting the differential diagnosis of connective tissue diseases with neurological involvement by blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Association of polysialic acid serum levels with schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder-related structural brain changes and hospitalization.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Epilepsy, Immunity and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- The multimodal Munich Clinical Deep Phenotyping study to bridge the translational gap in severe mental illness treatment research.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Classifying flow cytometry data using Bayesian analysis helps to distinguish ALS patients from healthy controls.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Myelinating Co-Culture as a Model to Study Anti-NMDAR Neurotoxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Machine Learning and Non-Affective Psychosis: Identification, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment.Current psychiatry reports · 2022Review
- Immunopsychiatry - Innovative Technology to Characterize Disease Activity in Autoantibody-Associated Psychiatric Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
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Abstract
Psychotic disorders are common and disabling mental conditions. The relative importance of immune-related mechanisms in psychotic disorders remains subject of debate. Here, we present a large-scale retrospective study of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune cell profiles of psychosis spectrum patients. We performed basic CSF analysis and multi-dimensional flow cytometry of CSF and blood cells from 59 patients with primary psychotic disorders (F20, F22, F23, and F25) in comparison to inflammatory (49 RRMS and 16 NMDARE patients) and non-inflammatory controls (52 IIH patients). We replicated the known expansion of monocytes in the blood of psychosis spectrum patients, that we identified to preferentially affect classical monocytes. In the CSF, we found a relative shift from lymphocytes to monocytes, increased protein levels, and evidence of blood-brain barrier disruption in psychosis. In fact, these CSF features confidently distinguished autoimmune encephalitis from psychosis despite similar (initial) clinical features. We then constructed machine learning models incorporating blood and CSF parameters and demonstrated their superior ability to differentiate psychosis from non-inflammatory controls compared to individual parameters. Multi-dimensional and multi-compartment immune cell signatures can thus support the diagnosis of psychosis spectrum disorders with the potential to accelerate diagnosis and initiation of therapy.
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