Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34362956›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Insights into non-autoimmune type 1 diabetes with 13 novel loci in low polygenic risk score patients.

Jingchun Qu, Hui-Qi Qu, Jonathan P Bradfield, Joseph T Glessner, Xiao Chang, Lifeng Tian, Michael March, John J Connolly, Jeffrey D Roizen, Patrick M A Sleiman and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Obesity in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Influence of rsHealth science reports · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. The missing heritability in type 1 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jingchun QuThe Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Hui-Qi QuThe Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Jonathan P BradfieldQuantinuum Research LLC, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA.
Joseph T GlessnerThe Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Xiao ChangThe Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Lifeng TianThe Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Michael MarchThe Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
John J ConnollyThe Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Jeffrey D RoizenDepartment of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Patrick M A SleimanThe Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Hakon HakonarsonThe Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. hakonarson@email.chop.edu.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · USPraevium Research (United States) · US

Funding

Utilizing Polygenic Risk to Understand and Improve Outcomes: A Model For Overturning Health Disparities Through Minority-Enriched Genomics HealthcareU01HG011175 · NHGRI · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI Hakon Hakonarson · 2020 to 2026
$10.3M
Career Development Program in Pediatric Diabetes Research (K12) at CHOPK12DK094723 · NIDDK · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI WILLI, STEVEN M · 2011 to 2020
$3.6M
NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG011175NIDDK NIH HHS K12 DK094723
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With polygenic risk score (PRS) for autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D), this study identified T1D cases with low T1D PRS and searched for susceptibility loci in these cases. Our hypothesis is that genetic effects (likely mediated by relatively rare genetic variants) of non-mainstream (or non-autoimmune) T1D might have been diluted in the previous studies on T1D cases in general. Two cohorts for the PRS modeling and testing respectively were included. The first cohort consisted of 3302 T1D cases and 6181 controls, and the independent second cohort consisted of 3297 T1D cases and 6169 controls. Cases with low T1D PRS were identified using PRSice-2 and compared to controls with low T1D PRS by genome-wide association (GWA) test. Thirteen novel genetic loci with high imputation quality (Quality Score r

Indexed as

Genetic LociGenetic Predisposition to DiseasePolymorphism, Single NucleotideAdolescentAutoimmune DiseasesCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1FemaleGenome-Wide Association StudyGlucose IntoleranceHumansInfantInfant, Newborn

Identifiers

PMID34362956
PMCPMC8346538
OpenAlexW3191650765

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.