Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34362935›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Investigation of the direct and indirect mechanisms of primary blast insult to the brain.

Jose E Rubio, Ginu Unnikrishnan, Venkata Siva Sai Sujith Sajja, Stephen Van Albert, Franco Rossetti, Maciej Skotak, Eren Alay, Aravind Sundaramurthy, Dhananjay Radhakrishnan Subramaniam, Joseph B Long and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Jose E RubioDepartment of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, ATTN: FCMR-TT, 504 Scott Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5012, USA.
Ginu UnnikrishnanDepartment of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, ATTN: FCMR-TT, 504 Scott Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5012, USA.
Venkata Siva Sai Sujith SajjaBlast Induced Neurotrauma Division, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Drive, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
Stephen Van AlbertBlast Induced Neurotrauma Division, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Drive, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
Franco RossettiBlast Induced Neurotrauma Division, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Drive, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
Maciej SkotakBlast Induced Neurotrauma Division, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Drive, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
Eren AlayDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials, and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 111 Lock Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
Aravind SundaramurthyDepartment of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, ATTN: FCMR-TT, 504 Scott Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5012, USA.
Dhananjay Radhakrishnan SubramaniamDepartment of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, ATTN: FCMR-TT, 504 Scott Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5012, USA.
Joseph B LongBlast Induced Neurotrauma Division, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Drive, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
Namas ChandraDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials, and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 111 Lock Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
Jaques ReifmanDepartment of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, ATTN: FCMR-TT, 504 Scott Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5012, USA. jaques.reifman.civ@mail.mil.
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research · USNew Jersey Institute of Technology · USUnited States Army Medical Research and Development Command · USHenry M. Jackson Foundation · USTelemedicine & Advanced Technology Research Center · US

Funding

Environmental Health Perspectives, NIEHS27302C0031 · NIEHS · 2008 to 2008
$1.2M
2016 SETAC Asia/Pacific ConferenceR13ES027302 · NIEHS · SOCIETY/ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY/CHEM · PI MENZIE, CHARLES · 2016 to 2016
$6k
NIEHS NIH HHS 27302C0031
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The interaction of explosion-induced blast waves with the head (i.e., a direct mechanism) or with the torso (i.e., an indirect mechanism) presumably causes traumatic brain injury. However, the understanding of the potential role of each mechanism in causing this injury is still limited. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized the changes in the brain tissue of rats resulting from the direct and indirect mechanisms at 24 h following blast exposure. To this end, we conducted separate blast-wave exposures on rats in a shock tube at an incident overpressure of 130 kPa, while using whole-body, head-only, and torso-only configurations to delineate each mechanism. Then, we performed histopathological (silver staining) and immunohistochemical (GFAP, Iba-1, and NeuN staining) analyses to evaluate brain-tissue changes resulting from each mechanism. Compared to controls, our results showed no significant changes in torso-only-exposed rats. In contrast, we observed significant changes in whole-body-exposed (GFAP and silver staining) and head-only-exposed rats (silver staining). In addition, our analyses showed that a head-only exposure causes changes similar to those observed for a whole-body exposure, provided the exposure conditions are similar. In conclusion, our results suggest that the direct mechanism is the major contributor to blast-induced changes in brain tissues.

Indexed as

Disease Models, AnimalPressureAnimalsBlast InjuriesBrainBrain Injuries, TraumaticMaleRatsRats, Sprague-Dawley

Identifiers

PMID34362935
PMCPMC8346555
OpenAlexW3192939668

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.