Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34362761›Full record

ArticleBMJ open respiratory research2021

Determinants of poor inhaler technique and poor therapy adherence in obstructive lung diseases: a cross-sectional study in community pharmacies.

Anna Vanoverschelde, Paulien van der Wel, Barbara Putman, Lies Lahousse

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open respiratory research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Recent Advances in Inhalation Therapy: An Overview.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
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  6. Optimizing COPD Care in Belgium: A Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Risk Management.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026
    Article
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  13. Inhaler identification: evaluating a potential screening method for adherence in chronic respiratory disease management.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2025
    Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Anna VanoverscheldeDepartment of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-5902-917X
Paulien van der WelDepartment of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Barbara PutmanDepartment of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-9248-3481
Lies LahousseDepartment of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium lies.lahousse@ugent.be.ORCID 0000-0002-3494-4363
Erasmus MC · NLGhent University · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCorrect inhaler use can be challenging in real life, with incorrect use resulting in poor symptom control. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with poor inhaler technique and poor therapy adherence among patients with obstructive lung disease in community pharmacies.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with obstructive lung diseases in nine Belgian community pharmacies. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with poor inhaler technique and poor therapy adherence (assessed by the Test of Adherence to Inhalers and the modified Medication Possession Ratio).

resultsSeventy obstructively impaired community patients (median age 64 y, 56% females) were included and the technique of 122 inhalers was assessed. Inhaler technique scored generally poor, with half of patients making critical errors in using at least one of their inhalers. In multivariable analysis, the use of multiple devices (adjusted OR, aOR 11.68; 95% CI 3.29 to 41.51) and a diagnosis of asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease overlap (ACO; aOR 7.06; 95% CI 1.15 to 43.35), were associated with making critical errors in inhaler technique independent of quality of life. Non-adherence occurred in more than one-third of patients, and occurred in up to one half of the patients when also taking overuse into account. In multivariable analysis for therapy adherence, current smoking was associated with poor therapy adherence (aOR 0.15; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.96) independently of age and poor treatment knowledge. Therapy adherence was poor in patients with asthma compared with those with ACO. Current smokers and highly educated patients seemed to be at increased risk for inhaler overuse.

conclusionsGiven the important role of a correct inhaler technique and therapy adherence in disease control, these findings emphasise the need for patient education and aiming uniformity in the inhaler device. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: B670201835229.

Indexed as

PharmaciesPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveAdministration, InhalationBronchodilator AgentsCross-Sectional StudiesEquipment DesignFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNebulizers and VaporizersQuality of LifeBronchodilator Agentsasthma pharmacologyCOPD pharmacologyinhaler devices

Identifiers

PMID34362761
PMCPMC8351493
OpenAlexW3192221186

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.