GuidelineAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2021
EULAR points to consider for conducting clinical trials and observational studies in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
Guideline in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoantibodies as predictors of progression to rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.RMD open · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of non-conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in early active rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis.BMC rheumatology · 2025Pooled it
- An ultrasound negative for subclinical synovitis in arthralgia patients: is it helpful in identifying those not developing arthritis?Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review of quantitative preference studies of treatments for rheumatoid arthritis among patients and at-risk populations.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Perceptions and experiences of individuals at-risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) knowing about their risk of developing RA and being offered preventive treatment: systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Sex and gender differences in rheumatology: clinical impact and future directions.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenesis, Risk Stratification, and Therapeutic Interception.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Living with palindromic rheumatism: a qualitative interview study.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2026Article
- Biomarkers of treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis: from conventional markers to tissue immunophenotype.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Do MRI-detected erosions in the RA-risk phase of arthralgia reflect current or imminent radiographic erosions? A large longitudinal imaging study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Ultrasound of the forefeet besides the hands in patients at risk for rheumatoid arthritis: is it worth the effort? A longitudinal cohort study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Deep immunophenotyping reveals circulating activated lymphocytes in individuals at risk for rheumatoid arthritis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- The So-Called Pre-Clinical Rheumatoid Arthritis: Doubts, Challenges, and Opportunities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Prevention of Rheumatoid Arthritis in At-Risk Individuals: Current Status and Future Prospects.Drugs · 2024Review
- Predictors of quality of life, functional status, depression and fatigue in early arthritis: comparison between clinically suspect arthralgia, unclassified arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
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- Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Continuum of Disease and Strategies for Prediction, Early Intervention, and Prevention.The Journal of rheumatology · 2024Review
- 'What is my risk really?': a qualitative exploration of preventive interventions among individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2024Article
- Rheumatoid arthritis prevention in arthralgia: fantasy or reality?Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 17 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite growing interest, there is no guidance or consensus on how to conduct clinical trials and observational studies in populations at risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
methodsAn European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) task force formulated four research questions to be addressed by systematic literature review (SLR). The SLR results informed consensus statements. One overarching principle, 10 points to consider (PTC) and a research agenda were proposed. Task force members rated their level of agreement (1-10) for each PTC.
resultsEpidemiological and demographic characteristics should be measured in all clinical trials and studies in at-risk individuals. Different at-risk populations, identified according to clinical presentation, were defined: asymptomatic, musculoskeletal symptoms without arthritis and early clinical arthritis. Study end-points should include the development of subclinical inflammation on imaging, clinical arthritis, RA and subsequent achievement of arthritis remission. Risk factors should be assessed at baseline and re-evaluated where appropriate; they include genetic markers and autoantibody profiling and additionally clinical symptoms and subclinical inflammation on imaging in those with symptoms and/or clinical arthritis. Trials should address the effect of the intervention on risk factors, as well as progression to clinical arthritis or RA. In patients with early clinical arthritis, pharmacological intervention has the potential to prevent RA development. Participants' knowledge of their RA risk may inform their decision to participate; information should be provided using an individually tailored approach.
conclusionThese consensus statements provide data-driven guidance for rheumatologists, health professionals and investigators conducting clinical trials and observational studies in individuals at risk of RA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.