ArticleBMC veterinary research2021
Effect of age, sex, and body size on the blood biochemistry and physiological constants of dogs from 4 wk. to > 52 wk. of age.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- OLD DOG - Validating the dog as an animal model for human aging studies.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2026Article
- Predictive Prognosis Value of CRP Measurement and CAR in Dogs Infected with Parvovirus.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Plasma protein increase as a chronological aging factor in healthy toy poodles.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Computed Tomography Volumetric Measurements of Adrenal Glands in 26 Dogs Under One Year of Age: A Retrospective Study.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Norepinephrine Versus Dopamine as a First-Line Vasopressor in Dogs with Hypotension: A Pilot Study.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Resting heArt and respIratory rates in dogs in their natural environment: new insights from a long-term, international, prospective study in a COhort of 703 dogs using a biometric device for LongitudinaL non-invasive cARdiorespiratory monitoring (the AI-COLLAR study).Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Phytotherapeutic Approaches in Canine Pediatrics.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Signalment, Immunological and Parasitological Status and Clinicopathological Findings ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Multiorgan neutrophilic inflammation in a Border Collie with "trapped" neutrophil syndrome.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2022Article
- Use of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of the Testes after Non-Surgical Sterilization of Male Dogs with CaClAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Serum symmetric dimethylarginine in older dogs: Reference interval and comparison of a gold standard method with the ELISA.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
- Differentiation of stable kidney function versus progressive dysfunction in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBlood biochemistry and reference intervals help to differentiate between healthy and ill dogs as well as to provide information for the prognosis, evaluation, and monitoring; however, these intervals are often obtained from adult animals. It is essential to understand that puppies and adults are physiologically different, which justifies the need to obtain age-specific biochemical reference intervals. The aim of this research was to assess the potential effect of age, sex, body size, and their interaction on routine biochemical analytes and physiological constants (body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate). To carry out the research, we selected 197 healthy dogs of both sexes and different body sizes (small, medium and large) classified by age: group I (4-8 wk), group II (9-24 wk), group III (25-52 wk), and group IV (> 52 wk). The biochemical analysis included the measurement of the enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, globulins, glucose, urea, and creatinine. Statistical analyses used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a general linear model (GLM), which allows the comparison of multiple factors at two or more levels (p < 0.05).
resultsThe results of this study showed that ALT, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, and body temperature levels were lower in puppies than in adult dogs of group IV (p < 0.05), while the enzymatic activity of ALP, LDH, glucose concentration, and heart rate were higher. Whereas sex, body size and the interaction did not show a significant effect (p > 0.05).
conclusionsSome biochemical components are influenced by age. For this reason, this manuscript contributes with additional data for the clinical interpretation of blood biochemical results in puppies.
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