ArticleBMC women's health2021
Exploring the barriers to Pap smear test in Iranian women: a qualitative study.
Article in BMC women's health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Barriers and facilitators of pap-smear test uptake in Asia: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Lack of Association between TP73 G4C14-A4T14 Polymorphism and Cervical Cancer Risk in Overall and Asian Women: A Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Pooled it
- Survival rates of cervical cancer patients in Sarawak: a single-centre referral study.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Exploring the barriers to Pap smear test compliance: A qualitative study for improving cervical cancer screening in the primary health care.Health promotion perspectives · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in Papanicolaou test utilization in Western Iran.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Women's perception of barriers and facilitators of cervical cancer Pap smear screening: a qualitative study.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Identification of causes and consequences of Kolberi among Iranian Kurdish women: a grounded theory study.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Utilization of cervical cancer screening services and its associated factors in Iran: a case-control study.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Article
- Dietary Fiber Intake and Related Factors in Community-Based Iranian's Elderly.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2023Article
- Article
- Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Aged 30-49 Years Old in Four African Countries: A Cross-Sectional Secondary Data Analysis.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCervical cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer in females. The Pap smear is one of the most essential ways of diagnosing and screening for this malignancy, and any failure can be caused by a number of causes. The current study sought to investigate barriers to Pap smear in Iranian women.
methodThis qualitative content analysis study was conducted in Iran in 2019. Data was gathered through focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews with 32 women and health professionals. The interviewees were chosen using a combination of purposive and theoretical sampling. The data was then analyzed using the content analysis approach developed by Graneheim and Lundman. Guba and Lincoln's criteria for establishing trustworthiness were explored.
resultsData analysis resulted in the identification of four primary categories, seventeen subcategories, and 186 original concepts. The main categories include weakness of health system, difficult accessibility, low health literacy, and socio-cultural factors.
conclusionBy informing women about the necessity and importance of Pap smear, providing the conditions, facilities, and equipment to facilitate the testing process, and paying more attention to cultural and social factors in cervical cancer and Pap smear planning, interventions, and policies, barriers to Pap testing can be eliminated.
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