ArticleBMC cancer2021
A high CD8 to FOXP3 ratio in the tumor stroma and expression of PTEN in tumor cells are associated with improved survival in non-metastatic triple-negative breast carcinoma.
Article in BMC cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prognostic values of FOXP3Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023Pooled it
- Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes: from prognosis to treatment selection.British journal of cancer · 2023Pooled it
- The spatial immune landscape predicts outcome and reveals the central role of tumor-associated macrophages in inflammatory breast cancer biology.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Machine learning-driven identification and immunohistochemical validation of an integrated immune-inflammatory phenotype for disease-free survival stratification in breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- HPV status shapes T-cell immunoprofiles in oesophageal adenocarcinoma: high regulatory T cell infiltration predicts poor prognosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Optoregulated mRNA Delivery Controls Pleiotropic Immune Signaling for Tumor-Targeted Therapy.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing breast cancer immunotherapy by integrating AI and nanotechnology approaches: review of current applications and future directions.Bioelectronic medicine · 2025Review
- Current Status of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Treatment Responsive Biomarkers for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Thoracic cancer · 2025Review
- The prognostic value of the tumor-stroma ratio compared to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: a review.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Review
- Regulatory T cells in cancer: from immunosuppression to therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting acid ceramidase enhances antitumor immune response in colorectal cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an indicator of tumor immune status in non-small cell lung cancer.Japanese journal of clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Multiplexed immunohistochemical analysis of the immune microenvironment of biliary tract cancers pre- & post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy: case series.Annals of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Spatial Distribution and Densities of CD103+ and FoxP3+ Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes by Digital Analysis for Outcome Prediction in Breast Cancer.The oncologist · 2024Article
- Prognostic Values of CD8+, PARP, and EGFR on Overall Survival in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- The breast cancer tumor microenvironment and precision medicine: immunogenicity and conditions favoring response to immunotherapy.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2024Review
- The relationship between high ratios of CD4/FOXP3 and CD8/CD163 and the improved survivability of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients: a multicenter cohort study.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Tumor P70S6K hyperactivation is inversely associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023Article
- Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade triggers persistent and systemic TOncoimmunology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTriple-negative mammary carcinoma (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype associated with dismal prognosis. The interaction between the immune system and the cancer cells plays a crucial role in tumor development and progression. However, it is still unclear how each diverse cell of the immune system contributes to the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. In this study, we investigated how the cell composition of the immune cell infiltrated modifies the survival of patients with resected TNBC.
methodsRetrospectively, we collected data from 76 patients diagnosed with non-metastatic TNBC with available tissue blocks for tissue micro-array (TMA) construction. The TMA was constructed using two cores from each tumor block. The expression of CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD20, CD68, CD163, PD-1, PD-L1, PTEN and phospho-STAT1 was determined by immunohistochemistry.
resultsWe observed that the inflammatory infiltrate in TNBC is enriched for M2 macrophages and T lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+). PD-L1 expression in the stroma was associated with the percentage of TILs (p = 0.018) as, PD-L1 expression in the tumor was associated with the percentage of TILs (p = 0.049). We found a correlation between TILs and PD-L1 expression in stroma cells (p = 0.020) and in tumor cells (p = 0.027). In our cohort, we observed a trend for improved survival associated with higher CD8+ (p = 0.054) and CD4 + (p = 0.082) cell counts, but the results were not statistically significant. Conversely, the expression of PTEN in tumor cells and a low number of FOXP3+ cells in tumor stroma were both associated with improved OS. The CD8 to FOXP3 ratio and the CD4 to FOXP3 ratio were associated with better OS as well, however, only the CD8 to FOXP3 ratio had its prognostic impact confirmed in the METABRIC TNBC cohort. There was no association between PD-L1 expression and OS.
conclusionTNBC tumor microenvironment is enriched for lymphocytes and macrophages. FOXP3 expression and the CD8 to FOXP3 ratio in the tumor stroma as well as the loss of PTEN expression in tumor cells are prognostic factors in non-metastatic TNBC.
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