ArticleBMC public health2021
Assessment of nicotine dependence among tobacco users visiting outreach programs in Dharan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among medical interns in Nepal: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Tobacco use, nicotine dependence, and heaviness of smoking index among patients attending psychiatry OPD of a medical college of Haryana.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Patterns and influencing factors of smokeless tobacco use among pregnant and lactating mothers in urban slums of bhubaneswar, Odisha.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Client's perception toward services of smoking cessation clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- The association of individual cognition and social environment of smoking with autonomy over tobacco: A survey from rural China.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Oral health and nicotine dependence in tobacco users visiting a Dental Institution in North India.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- A study on the prevalence of smoking habits among the student community in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Prevalence and correlates of nicotine dependence among the construction site workers at IGIMS, Patna.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundNicotine is a highly addictive substance present in tobacco. This study was conducted to assess the level of nicotine dependence among smokers and smokeless tobacco users visiting dental outreach programs of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences -Dharan, Nepal.
methodsA cross sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to April 2019. A total of 726 people were selected from participants of dental outreach programs of 6 districts using convenience sampling technique. The data collection was done using semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview by a single researcher. History of tobacco use and level of nicotine dependency was measured using Nepali translated and validated form of Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence for smoking and smokeless tobacco. The mean age of the tobacco users was 39.55 ± 15.57. Descriptive statistics including the mean, median, percentage, standard deviations and interquartile range were computed. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, univariate and bivariate logistic regression were used where needed.
resultsNicotine dependence (moderate and severe) was found in 80% of smokeless tobacco users and 48% of smokers. Among the smokeless tobacco users, nicotine dependency was found to be more with increase in duration of tobacco use (AOR = 50.25, 95%CI = 3.51-718.62, p = 0.004), low socioeconomic status (AOR = 6.27, 95%CI = 1.30-30.31, p = 0.02), less number of tobacco packets used per day and tried to quit tobacco use in last 1 year. Among smokers nicotine dependency was found to be significantly higher with smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day (AOR = 7.14, 95% CI = 2.00-25.40, p = 0.002).
conclusionsThe study concluded that level of nicotine dependence for both smoking and smokeless tobacco was high among the people visiting dental outreach programs. It is high time to develop a policy to control tobacco use along with creating tobacco cessation centers. Currently, tobacco control program is mostly focusing on smoking. However, it is also important to incorporate smokeless tobacco control at policy level.
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