Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34362227›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021

The Role of the 3Rs for Understanding and Modeling the Human Placenta.

Joana Costa, Ruth Mackay, Sophie-Christine de Aguiar Greca, Alessandro Corti, Elisabete Silva, Emmanouil Karteris, Arti Ahluwalia

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Asprosin activates multiple placental pathwaysMolecular medicine reports · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Modeling human placental biology: a review of organoid technologies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Joana CostaCentro di Ricerca E.Piaggio, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Ruth MackayCentre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6456-6914
Sophie-Christine de Aguiar GrecaCollege of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
Alessandro CortiCentro di Ricerca E.Piaggio, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Elisabete SilvaCollege of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
Emmanouil KarterisCollege of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
Arti AhluwaliaCentro di Ricerca E.Piaggio, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Modeling the physiology of the human placenta is still a challenge, despite the great number of scientific advancements made in the field. Animal models cannot fully replicate the structure and function of the human placenta and pose ethical and financial hurdles. In addition, increasingly stricter animal welfare legislation worldwide is incentivizing the use of 3R (reduction, refinement, replacement) practices. What efforts have been made to develop alternative models for the placenta so far? How effective are they? How can we improve them to make them more predictive of human pathophysiology? To address these questions, this review aims at presenting and discussing the current models used to study phenomena at the placenta level:

Indexed as

3Rsin silico modelsin vitro modelsorgan on a chipplacentaplacenta on a chip

Identifiers

PMID34362227
PMCPMC8347836

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.