ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of foam sclerotherapy for great saphenous vein reflux: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The association between restless legs syndrome and chronic venous insufficiency: a systematic review.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Venous Disease-Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Shear Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of non-compounded polidocanol 1% endovenous microfoam (Varithena) ablation versus endovenous thermal ablation utilizing a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of structured checklist-assisted multimedia interactive education on postoperative pain management and quality of life in patients with lower extremity varicose veins: a randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- Application of the ankle pump method in a sitting position to evaluate calf perforating veins by color Doppler ultrasound.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2024Trial
- A comparative study between cryo-laser cryo-sclerotherapy and sclerotherapy in the treatment of telangiectasia and reticular veins: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2024Trial
- A deep learning framework for recognizing skin changes secondary to chronic venous insufficiency in clinical photographs: a multicentre validation study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Sleep quality after endovenous ablation with concomitant phlebectomy in patients with chronic venous disease: A prospective observational study in Vietnam.Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques · 2026Article
- Ex Vivo Study of the Vasomotor and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Class 2 Elastic Venous Compression Devices Combined with Diosmetin-3-O-β-D-Glucuronide.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Refractory Stasis Dermatitis Due to Chronic Venous Insufficiency With Psychosocial Worsening in 2 Septuagenarian Patients Treated With Hyaluronic Acid-Succinic Acid Intradermotherapy.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Venous Disease of the Lower Extremities: A Narrative Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Optimizing the management of venous disease: Expert consensus from a multinational panel of phlebology specialists.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2026Review
- The arterial-venous continuum: bridging atherosclerosis and chronic venous disease through endothelial dysfunction.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Expression Profiling and Transcriptional Coordination of Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway Genes (FZD2, DVL2, and AXIN1) in Chronic Venous Insufficiency.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Quality-of-life outcomes after varicose vein surgery: A 12-month prospective study of 605 patients identifying key prognostic factors.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2026Article
- Compression Therapy in Human Body Applications: A Systematic Review from Principles to Practice.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Prevalence of chronic venous disorders and its risk factors among rural adults in Tamil Nadu, South India.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2026Article
- Limited Predictive Value of NLR, PLR and SII in Thrombosed Hemorrhoids: A Real-World Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- An Overview of Vascular Compression Syndromes and Associations with Autonomic Dysfunction: A Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial condition affecting an important percentage of the global population. It ranges from mild clinical signs, such as telangiectasias or reticular veins, to severe manifestations, such as venous ulcerations. However, varicose veins (VVs) are the most common manifestation of CVD. The explicit mechanisms of the disease are not well-understood. It seems that genetics and a plethora of environmental agents play an important role in the development and progression of CVD. The exposure to these factors leads to altered hemodynamics of the venous system, described as ambulatory venous hypertension, therefore promoting microcirculatory changes, inflammatory responses, hypoxia, venous wall remodeling, and epigenetic variations, even with important systemic implications. Thus, a proper clinical management of patients with CVD is essential to prevent potential harms of the disease, which also entails a significant loss of the quality of life in these individuals. Hence, the aim of the present review is to collect the current knowledge of CVD, including its epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors, but emphasizing the pathophysiology and medical care of these patients, including clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatments. Furthermore, future directions will also be covered in this work in order to provide potential fields to explore in the context of CVD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.