Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34361839›Full record

ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Downstream Processing of Therapeutic Peptides by Means of Preparative Liquid Chromatography.

Chiara De Luca, Giulio Lievore, Desiree Bozza, Alessandro Buratti, Alberto Cavazzini, Antonio Ricci, Marco Macis, Walter Cabri, Simona Felletti, Martina Catani

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Improvement of Analysis and Transferability in Peptide Purification: From HPLC to FPLC and Back Again.Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society · 2026
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  5. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Chiara De LucaDepartment of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8001-3287
Giulio LievoreDepartment of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5649-7480
Desiree BozzaDepartment of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5980-6477
Alessandro BurattiDepartment of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Alberto CavazziniDepartment of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2510-0871
Antonio RicciFresenius Kabi iPSUM, Via San Leonardo 23, 45010 Villadose, Italy.
Marco MacisFresenius Kabi iPSUM, Via San Leonardo 23, 45010 Villadose, Italy.
Walter CabriDepartment of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7865-0474
Simona FellettiDepartment of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4192-2074
Martina CataniDepartment of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4217-8766
University of Ferrara · ITUniversity of Bologna · IT

Funding

Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca PRIN2017Y2PAB8 003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The market of biomolecules with therapeutic scopes, including peptides, is continuously expanding. The interest towards this class of pharmaceuticals is stimulated by the broad range of bioactivities that peptides can trigger in the human body. The main production methods to obtain peptides are enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, recombinant approach and, especially, chemical synthesis. None of these methods, however, produce exclusively the target product. Other species represent impurities that, for safety and pharmaceutical quality reasons, must be removed. The remarkable production volumes of peptide mixtures have generated a strong interest towards the purification procedures, particularly due to their relevant impact on the manufacturing costs. The purification method of choice is mainly preparative liquid chromatography, because of its flexibility, which allows one to choose case-by-case the experimental conditions that most suitably fit that particular purification problem. Different modes of chromatography that can cover almost every separation case are reviewed in this article. Additionally, an outlook to a very recent continuous chromatographic process (namely Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification, MCSGP) and future perspectives regarding purification strategies will be considered at the end of this review.

Indexed as

Chromatography, LiquidHumansPeptidesPeptidesbiomoleculesbiopharmaceuticalscontinuous chromatographyMCSGPpeptidepreparative chromatographypurificationsolid phase peptide synthesis

Identifiers

PMID34361839
PMCPMC8348516
OpenAlexW3190823648

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.