ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Design and Encapsulation of Immunomodulators onto Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanoparticle carriers in the treatment of intracellular bacterial infections: Current approaches and challenges.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Recent Advances.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Gold nanoparticles mediate suppression of angiogenesis and breast cancer growth via MMP-9/NF-κB/mTOR and PD-L1/PD-1 signaling: integrative in vitro validation and network pharmacology insights.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Review
- Facile Synthesis of Designer Shape-Defined Mesoporous Metal Nanoenzymes as Therapeutics for Diseases Involving Excessive Oxidative Stress.Biomaterials research · 2025Article
- Review of Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, Shapes, Cellular Uptake, Targeting, Release Mechanisms and Applications in Drug Delivery and Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Unlocking the Potential of Gold as Nanomedicine in Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of nanotheranostics · 2024Article
- Recent Advancements and Unexplored Biomedical Applications of Green Synthesized Ag and Au Nanoparticles: A Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Review
- Enhancing Skin Cancer Immunotheranostics and Precision Medicine through Functionalized Nanomodulators and Nanosensors: Recent Development and Prospects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Nanomedicine in Lung Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Effects of morphology and size of nanoscale drug carriers on cellular uptake and internalization process: a review.RSC advances · 2022Review
- Immunization of Mice with Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated to Thermostable Cancer Antigens Prevents the Development of Xenografted Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Treasure on the Earth-Gold Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Light-activated nanomaterials for tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in chemistry · 2022Review
- Synergistic Effect of Repolarization of M2 to M1 Macrophages Induced by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Combined with Lactate Oxidase.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Drug Delivery System for Cancer Immunotherapy: Potential Roles, Challenge and Recent Advances.Technology in cancer research & treatmentReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of cancer immunotherapy is to reactivate autoimmune responses to combat cancer cells. To stimulate the immune system, immunomodulators, such as adjuvants, cytokines, vaccines, and checkpoint inhibitors, are extensively designed and studied. Immunomodulators have several drawbacks, such as drug instability, limited half-life, rapid drug clearance, and uncontrolled immune responses when used directly in cancer immunotherapy. Several strategies have been used to overcome these limitations. A simple and effective approach is the loading of immunomodulators onto gold-based nanoparticles (GNPs). As gold is highly biocompatible, GNPs can be administered intravenously, which aids in increasing cancer cell permeability and retention time. Various gold nanoplatforms, including nanospheres, nanoshells, nanorods, nanocages, and nanostars have been effectively used in cancer immunotherapy. Gold nanostars (GNS) are one of the most promising GNP platforms because of their unusual star-shaped geometry, which significantly increases light absorption and provides high photon-to-heat conversion efficiency due to the plasmonic effect. As a result, GNPs are a useful vehicle for delivering antigens and adjuvants that support the immune system in killing tumor cells by facilitating or activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This review represents recent progress in encapsulating immunomodulators into GNPs for utility in a cancer immunotherapeutic regimen.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.