ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
TGF-Beta as a Master Regulator of Diabetic Nephropathy.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of Panax notoginseng for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Preclinical Evidence of Mulberry Leaf Polysaccharides on Diabetic Kidney Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Planta medica · 2024Pooled it
- Relationship between elevated circulating thrombospondin-1 levels and vascular complications in diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Pooled it
- Natural product therapy in diabetic kidney disease: emerging multiomics-mediated signalling pathway and molecular target.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming drives diabetic kidney disease progression: cell-specific mechanisms, metabolic memory, and targeted strategies.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Investigating the Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Astragalus Root Against Diabetic Nephropathy Based on Bioinformatics Analysis and In Vitro Validation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Discovery of kidney disease targets using multimodal human podocyte injury models.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- Targeting cellular senescence in diabetic kidney disease: potential of regenerative, cell-based therapies and other senotherapeutic approaches.Kidney international · 2026Review
- Activated Human Pancreatic Stellate Cells SignatureCommunication in Type 1 Diabetes.Research square · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes miR-143-3p Attenuates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Enhancing Podocyte Autophagy via Bcl-2/Beclin1 Pathway.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Leucine Mitigates Diabetic Nephropathy via Its Antioxidant Effect and Modulation of TGF-β/SMAD-3 Signalling Pathway in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Bioengineered exosome-mRNA hybrids: a breakthrough in targeted miRNA delivery for diabetic kidney fibrosis therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Miacalcic Enhances Rotator Cuff Injury Healing in Osteoporotic Mice by Stimulating Neovascularization via the JAK Pathway.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease and established and emerging treatments.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Increased TGF-β/Activin-Smad2 signaling is associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance in gestational diabetes mellitus.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Micro Zhēngjiǎ as a reversible microstructural lesion network in diabetic myocardial fibrosis: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications of Huoxue-Tongluo therapy.American journal of translational research · 2026Review
- The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles/exosomes on the diabetes: a systematic review study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Inhibition of cell surface GRP78 and activated α2M interaction attenuates kidney fibrosis.JCI insight · 2025Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine and has been recognized as a key mediator of DN. However, anti-TGF-β treatment for DN remains controversial due to the diverse role of TGF-β1 in DN. Thus, understanding the regulatory role and mechanisms of TGF-β in the pathogenesis of DN is the initial step towards the development of anti-TGF-β treatment for DN. In this review, we first discuss the diverse roles and signaling mechanisms of TGF-β in DN by focusing on the latent versus active TGF-β1, the TGF-β receptors, and the downstream individual Smad signaling molecules including Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7. Then, we dissect the regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β/Smad signaling in the development of DN by emphasizing Smad-dependent non-coding RNAs including microRNAs and long-non-coding RNAs. Finally, the potential therapeutic strategies for DN by targeting TGF-β signaling with various therapeutic approaches are discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.