ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
An Overview of Physical, Microbiological and Immune Barriers of Oral Mucosa.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2025 FelineVMA feline oral health and dental care guidelines.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2025Guideline
- Activity and levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in saliva of children and young adults with dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and tolerability of SEDIFLÙ in treating dry or productive cough in the pediatric population (SEPEDIA): A pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial.Clinical pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract alleviates halitosis and reduces the inflammatory response to oral bacteria.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2024Trial
- Next-generation probiotics and microbiome-based therapeutics highlighting Akkermansia muciniphila and Amuc_1100.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- A targeted triple-action redox-modulating hydrogel potentiates fibroblast-mediated repair to accelerate oral wound healing.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- [Oral mucosal administration].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2026Article
- Oral Microbiota, the Oral-Brain Axis, and Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms and Dietary Modulation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- [Age-Related Changes in the Oral Microbiota].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Review
- Inflammation-Driven Epithelial Plasticity in Oral Mucosa Adjacent to Long-Term Restorative Materials: A Retrospective Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Adhesive Hydrogel Loaded with Sulfonated Chitosan Promotes Oral Mucosal Defect Repair in Diabetic Rats.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Protective and Healing Effects of Zinc L-Carnosine on the Oral Mucosa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Oral Mucosal Wound Healing and Photobiomodulation: Biochemical Pathways, Experimental Models, and Translational Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Oral Barrier Immunometabolism in Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms and Systemic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Finite element analysis of the nonlinear response of oral mucosa in labial tissue induced by spherical versus square self-ligating brackets.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Oral Epithelial Remodeling Associated with Long-Term Contact with Conventional Coronal Dental Amalgam Restorations: A Retrospective Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- An integrated single-cell and spatial proteotranscriptomics atlas of fibroblast-driven immunoregulation within the human adult oral cavity.Cell press blue · 2026Article
- Designing adhesive hydrogels for oral diseases treatment.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Development of a tissue-engineered oral mucosal barrier model using poly (L-lactic acid) electrospun nanofibers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Comparative Single-Cell Atlas Reveals Pre-injury Signatures of Superior Healing in Oral Mucosa and Informing a New Paradigm for Wound Management.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The oral mucosa, which is the lining tissue of the oral cavity, is a gateway to the body and it offers first-line protection against potential pathogens, exogenous chemicals, airborne allergens, etc. by means of its physical and microbiological-immune barrier functions. For this reason, oral mucosa is considered as a mirror to the health of the individual as well as a guard or early warning system. It is organized in two main components: a physical barrier, which consists of stratified epithelial cells and cell-cell junctions, and a microbiological-immune barrier that keeps the internal environment in a condition of homeostasis. Different factors, including microorganism, saliva, proteins and immune components, have been considered to play a critical role in disruption of oral epithelial barrier. Altered mucosal structure and barrier functions results in oral pathologies as well as systemic diseases. About 700 kinds of microorganisms exist in the human mouth, constituting the oral microbiota, which plays a significant role on the induction, training and function of the host immune system. The immune system maintains the symbiotic relationship of the host with this microbiota. Crosstalk between the oral microbiota and immune system includes various interactions in homeostasis and disease. In this review, after reviewing briefly the physical barriers of oral mucosa, the fundamentals of oral microbiome and oral mucosal immunity in regard to their barrier properties will be addressed. Furthermore, their importance in development of new diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for certain diseases as well as in the application for personalized medicine will be discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.