ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Impact of Smoking on Neutrophil Enzyme Levels in Gingivitis: A Case-Control Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between smoking and periodontitis severity in patients attending a periodontology clinic: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Impact of Depressive Disorder on Periodontal Status: A Comparative Study.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Integrating enzyme-nanoparticles bring new prospects for the diagnosis and treatment of immune dysregulation in periodontitis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Evaluation of NETosis (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) biomarkers in smokers and nonsmokers periodontitis patients.F1000Research · 2024Article
- Influence of Depression and Anxiety on Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment Outcomes: A 6-Month Prospective Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe determination of the impact of risk factors such as smoking in periodontal disease development is of importance to better characterize the disease. However, its impact on host response remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tobacco smoking on GCF levels of neutrophil enzymes (myeloperoxidase (MPO), beta-glucuronidase (BGD), neutrophil elastase (NE) and periodontal parameters in healthy young adults with dental plaque biofilm-induced gingivitis.
methodsThe study population consisted of 60 systemically healthy young adults (39 smokers (Sm) and 21 non-smokers (n-Sm)) diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis. The periodontal examination consisted of a plaque index (PI); gingival index (GI); probing depth (PD); bleeding on probing (BoP), and clinical attachment level (CAL). GCF MPO, BGD, and NE levels were determined by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
resultsPI, GI, and BoP were significantly increased in the Sm group (
conclusionsIt may be concluded that, even in young patients, tobacco consumption affects the host's immune response related to gingival inflammation. It is, therefore, mandatory to inform young patients about the risk related to tobacco consumption for their gingival health.
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