ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Characterisation of Environmental Biofilms Colonising Wall Paintings of the Fornelle Cave in the Archaeological Site of Cales.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chromosome-level genomes of two Bracteacoccaceae highlight adaptations to biocrusts.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Taxonomic and metabolic characterisation of biofilms colonising Roman stuccoes at Baia's thermal baths and restoration strategies.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Biodiversity of Phototrophs and Culturable Fungi in Gobustan Caves.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Into the Unknown: Microbial Communities in Caves, Their Role, and Potential Use.Microorganisms · 2022Review
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Caves present unique habitats for the development of microbial communities due to their peculiar environmental conditions. In caves decorated with frescoes, the characterization of microbial biofilm is important to better preserve and safeguard such artworks. This study aims to investigate the microbial communities present in the Fornelle Cave (Calvi Risorta, Caserta, Italy) and their correlation with environmental parameters. The cave walls and the wall paintings have been altered by environmental conditions and microbial activity. We first used light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction to characterise the biofilm structure and the mineral composition of substrata, respectively. Then, using both culture-dependent (Sanger sequencing) and culture-independent (automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, ARISA) molecular methods, we demonstrated that the taxonomic composition of biofilms was different across the three substrata analysed and, in some cases, positively correlated with some environmental parameters. We identified 47 taxa in the biofilm samples, specifically 8 bacterial, 18 cyanobacterial, 14 algal and 7 fungal taxa. Fungi showed the highest number of ARISA types on the tuff rock, while autotrophic organisms (cyanobacteria and algae) on the frescoes exposed to light. This study confirms that caves constitute a biodiversity-rich environment for microbial taxa and that, in the presence of wall paintings, taxonomic characterization is particularly important for conservation and restoration purposes.
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