ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Casomorphins and Gliadorphins Have Diverse Systemic Effects Spanning Gut, Brain and Internal Organs.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opioid peptides in autism spectrum disorder and gluten-free casein-free diet as a therapeutic approach.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Pooled it
- Bioactive Peptides in Probiotic Fermented Foods: Structure-Activity Relationships and Cardiometabolic Protective Effects.Physiological research · 2026Review
- β-casomorphin-7: a review of occurrence, identification, techno-functionality, and effects on human health.NPJ science of food · 2026Review
- Functional Food Ingredients Enhancing Immune Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Concerning BPC-157, a natural pentadecapeptide, that acts as a cytoprotectant and is believed to protect the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT).Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Effect of Infant Formula Made With Milk Free of A1-Type β-Casein on Growth and Comfort: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- A closer look at the role of nutrition in children and adults with ADHD and neurodivergence.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- An Update on Microbial Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder with Gastrointestinal Symptoms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Effects of Chicken Egg Powder, Bovine Colostrum, and Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders.Nutrients · 2024Review
- A2 milk consumption and its health benefits: an update.Food science and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Descriptive molecular pharmacology of the δ opioid receptor (DOR): A computational study with structural approach.PloS one · 2024Article
- Difficulties in Establishing the Adverse Effects of β-Casomorphin-7 Released from β-Casein Variants-A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Worldwide research on the health effects of bovine milk containing A1 and A2 β-casein: Unraveling the current scenario and future trends through bibliometrics and text mining.Current research in food science · 2023Review
- New Perspectives in Health: Gut Microbiota.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- A2 Milk and BCM-7 Peptide as Emerging Parameters of Milk Quality.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Food-derived opioid peptides include digestive products derived from cereal and dairy diets. If these opioid peptides breach the intestinal barrier, typically linked to permeability and constrained biosynthesis of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), they can attach to opioid receptors. The widespread presence of opioid receptors spanning gut, brain, and internal organs is fundamental to the diverse and systemic effects of food-derived opioids, with effects being evidential across many health conditions. However, manifestation delays following low-intensity long-term exposure create major challenges for clinical trials. Accordingly, it has been easiest to demonstrate causal relationships in digestion-based research where some impacts occur rapidly. Within this environment, the role of the microbiome is evidential but challenging to further elucidate, with microbiome effects ranging across gut-condition indicators and modulators, and potentially as systemic causal factors. Elucidation requires a systemic framework that acknowledges that public-health effects of food-derived opioids are complex with varying genetic susceptibility and confounding factors, together with system-wide interactions and feedbacks. The specific role of the microbiome within this puzzle remains a medical frontier. The easiest albeit challenging nutritional strategy to modify risk is reduced intake of foods containing embedded opioids. In future, constituent modification within specific foods to reduce embedded opioids may become feasible.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.