ReviewCells2021
Cytokine Storm Syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Functional Role of Mast Cells.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Malignancy; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- STING Restricts EV-A71 Infection by Regulating T Cell Development and Enhancing Immune Cell Effector Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Unraveling the mechanisms of virus-induced asthma exacerbation: epithelial injury, immune dysregulation, and novel interventions.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Aging-associated changes in immunological parameters: Implications for COVID-19 immune response in the elderly.Physiological reports · 2025Review
- Challenges and Opportunities for Post-COVID Pulmonary Disease: A Focused Review of Immunomodulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Frequency of IgE antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein across different disease severity COVID19 groups.Virology journal · 2025Article
- A Narrative Review of the Efficacy of Long COVID Interventions on Brain Fog, Processing Speed, and Other Related Cognitive Outcomes.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Review
- Modulating effect of Eunkyo-san on expression of inflammatory cytokines and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in human mast cells.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 as a Modulator of Cytokine Induction: Evidence and Search for Molecular Mechanisms.Viruses · 2024Review
- Impact of age and sex on neuroinflammation following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a murine model.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Radiological features of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: A report of 36 cases along with a literature review.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
- Two synthetic steroid analogs reduce human respiratory syncytial virus replication and the immune response to infection bothHeliyon · 2023Article
- The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Activation of the NLRP1 Inflammasome and Its Role in Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus Infection.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Stimulates Secretion of Chymase, Tryptase, and IL-1β from Human Mast Cells, Augmented by IL-33.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Carvacrol-A Natural Phenolic Compound with Antimicrobial Properties.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Thrombosis: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokine storm syndrome is a cascade of escalated immune responses disposing the immune system to exhaustion, which might ultimately result in organ failure and fatal respiratory distress. Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 can result in uncontrolled production of cytokines and eventually the development of cytokine storm syndrome. Mast cells may react to viruses in collaboration with other cells and lung autopsy findings from patients that died from the coronavirus disease that emerged in 2019 (COVID-19) showed accumulation of mast cells in the lungs that was thought to be the cause of pulmonary edema, inflammation, and thrombosis. In this review, we present evidence that a cytokine response by mast cells may initiate inappropriate antiviral immune responses and cause the development of cytokine storm syndrome. We also explore the potential of mast cell activators as adjuvants for COVID-19 vaccines and discuss the medications that target the functions of mast cells and could be of value in the treatment of COVID-19. Recognition of the cytokine storm is crucial for proper treatment of patients and preventing the release of mast cell mediators, as impeding the impacts imposed by these mediators could reduce the severity of COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.