ReviewCells2021
Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis: Role in the Pathogenesis and Potential Usefulness as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Mitochondrial-Immune Dysfunction in MS: Therapeutic Potential of EV-Mediated Transfer.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle proteomics identifies novel blood biomarkers for the early diagnosis of status epilepticus.Epilepsia · 2026Observational
- Exosomal pHERV-W ENV as a dynamic biomarker for relapse prediction and prognosis in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in cancer: from isolation and characterization to metastasis, drug resistance, and clinical applications.BMC cancer · 2025Review
- FACS-Proteomics strategy toward extracellular vesicles single-phenotype characterization in biological fluids: exploring the role of leukocyte-derived EVs in multiple sclerosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring new drug treatment targets for immune related bone diseases using a multi omics joint analysis strategy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Multi-omic biomarkers associated with multiple sclerosis: from Mendelian randomization to drug prediction.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Brain-derived blood biomarkers in multiple sclerosis-current trends and beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles: biological mechanisms and emerging therapeutic opportunities in neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- Interactions Between Extracellular Vesicles and Autophagy in Neuroimmune Disorders.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Review
- Ultrastructural Characterization of PBMCs and Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Possible Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis and Interventions of Immune-Mediated Central Demyelinating Diseases.Experimental neurobiology · 2024Review
- Gut-Brain Interactions and Their Impact on Astrocytes in the Context of Multiple Sclerosis and Beyond.Cells · 2024Review
- Article
- CNS cell-derived exosome signatures as blood-based biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Article
- Impact of Microbiome-Brain Communication on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.European journal of immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although extracellular vesicles (EVs) were initially relegated to a waste disposal role, nowadays, they have gained multiple fundamental functions working as messengers in intercellular communication as well as exerting active roles in physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence proves the involvement of EVs in many diseases, including those of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Indeed, these membrane-bound particles, produced in any type of cell, carry and release a vast range of bioactive molecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids), conferring genotypic and phenotypic changes to the recipient cell. This means that not only EVs per se but their content, especially, could reveal new candidate disease biomarkers and/or therapeutic agents. This review is intended to provide an overview regarding current knowledge about EVs' involvement in MS, analyzing the potential versatility of EVs as a new therapeutic tool and source of biomarkers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.