ReviewCancers2021
Integration of Systemic Therapy and Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Timing matters: radiation necrosis risk of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combined with radiation therapy in breast cancer brain metastases: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- The spectrum of radiation therapy options for craniopharyngioma: a systematic review.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Pooled it
- First-Line Alectinib Versus Ceritinib With or Without Brain Radiotherapy in ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Brain Metastases: A Real-World Multicenter Study from Vietnam.Thoracic cancer · 2026Observational
- Stereotactic versus hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors for multiple brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer: a multi-center retrospective study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Modulating the glioma microenvironment with laser interstitial thermal therapy: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Evaluating the Impact of Index Metastasis Resection in Patients with Multiple Brain Metastases.Cancers · 2025Article
- Exploratory Evaluation of Personalized Ultrafractionated Stereotactic Adaptive Radiation Therapy (PULSAR) With Central Nervous System-Active Drugs in Brain Metastases Treatment.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2025Article
- The Optimal Radiotherapy Strategy for Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastasis: A Retrospective Analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Article
- Are Dual-PhaseCancers · 2024Article
- Lymphopenia associated with whole-brain radiotherapy and its effects on clinical outcomes of patients with brain metastases.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Impact of concurrent antibody-drug conjugates and radiotherapy on symptomatic radiation necrosis in breast cancer patients with brain metastases: a multicenter retrospective study.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- [Stereotactic radiosurgery of brain tumors].Magyar onkologia · 2024Review
- Article
- Let's make size not matter: tumor control and toxicity outcomes of hypofractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery for large brain metastases.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Retrospective non-inferiority study of stereotactic radiosurgery for more than ten brain metastases.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Review
- Radiotherapy or systemic therapy versus combined therapy in patients with brain metastases: a propensity-score matched study.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- Impact of radiotherapy and sequencing of systemic therapy on survival outcomes in melanoma patients with previously untreated brain metastasis: a multicenter DeCOG study on 450 patients from the prospective skin cancer registry ADOREG.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BM) represents a common complication of cancer, and in the modern era requires multi-modal management approaches and multi-disciplinary care. Traditionally, due to the limited efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy, treatment strategies are focused on local treatments alone, such as whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and resection. However, the increased availability of molecular-based therapies with central nervous system (CNS) penetration now permits the individualized selection of tailored systemic therapies to be used alongside local treatments. Moreover, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), with demonstrated CNS activity has further revolutionized the management of BM patients. The rapid introduction of these cancer therapeutics into clinical practice, however, has led to a significant dearth in the published literature about the optimal timing, sequencing, and combination of these systemic therapies along with SRS. This manuscript reviews the impact of tumor biology and molecular profiles on the management paradigm for BM patients and critically analyzes the current landscape of SRS, with a specific focus on integration with systemic therapy. We also discuss emerging treatment strategies combining SRS and ICIs, the impact of timing and the sequencing of these therapies around SRS, the effect of corticosteroids, and review post-treatment imaging findings, including pseudo-progression and radiation necrosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.