ReviewCancers2021
Current Concepts in the Treatment of Giant Cell Tumors of Bone.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multicentric metachronous giant cell tumor of the femur: a rare case report and review of the literature.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- Extensive Giant Cell Tumor Involving Entire Tibia with Talar Extension and Pulmonary Metastases: Successful Limb Preservation with Denosumab and Angioembolization.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Dual-target neoadjuvant therapy with denosumab and sunitinib for giant cell tumor of bone: a sarcoma center experience.Journal of bone oncology · 2026Article
- Rare giant cell tumour of the left parieto-occipital skull in an 8-year-old female patient: a case report.BMC surgery · 2026Article
- Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Biology, Pathophysiology, and Histopathology in the Era of H3F3A.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Evaluation of CD3 and CD20 Lymphocytes and Mast Cells in the Microenvironment of Central Giant Cell Granuloma, Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma, and Giant Cell Tumor of Bone.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring the Rare Occurrence of Giant Cell Tumour in Distal Tibia.Malaysian orthopaedic journal · 2025Article
- Clinical Audit of Denosumab Biosimilar for Aggressive GCT of Bone: A Tertiary Care Center Retrospective Analysis.South Asian journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Augmentation of Osteoarticular Allograft Reconstruction With Photodynamic Nail for the Management of Primary or Recurrent Aggressive Giant Cell Tumor in the Distal Radius.Journal of hand surgery global online · 2025Article
- Giant cell tumor of the thoracic spine: An unusual cause for spinal cord compression.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Rare presentation and resection of giant cell tumor invading the middle ear and skull base: A case report.JPRAS open · 2025Article
- Giant cell tumor of the bone with fatal pulmonary metastasis: A case report.SAGE open medical case reports · 2025Article
- Extensive thoracic vertebral and chest wall metastases as the initial presentation of breast cancer: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Oncologic Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning Methods in CT Spine Imaging-A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2024Review
- Combined preoperative denosumab and adjuvant microwave ablation for high-risk giant cell tumor of bone: a retrospective study in a single center.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Efficacy and safety of denosumab de‑escalation in giant cell tumor of bone.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Thoracic giant cell tumor after two totalWorld journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Excision of a Giant Cell Tumor With Bone Grafting and Bone Cementing of the Proximal Humerus: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Current Concepts in the Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: An Update.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The 2020 World Health Organization classification defined giant cell tumors of bone (GCTBs) as intermediate malignant tumors. Since the mutated H3F3A was found to be a specific marker for GCTB, it has become very useful in diagnosing GCTB. Curettage is the most common treatment for GCTBs. Preoperative administration of denosumab makes curettage difficult and increases the risk of local recurrence. Curettage is recommended to achieve good functional outcomes, even for local recurrence. For pathological fractures, joints should be preserved as much as possible and curettage should be attempted. Preoperative administration of denosumab for pelvic and spinal GCTBs reduces extraosseous lesions, hardens the tumor, and facilitates en bloc resection. Nerve-sparing surgery after embolization is a possible treatment for sacral GCTBS. Denosumab therapy with or without embolization is indicated for inoperable pelvic, spinal, and sacral GCTBs. It is recommended to first observe lung metastases, then administer denosumab for growing lesions. Radiotherapy is associated with a risk of malignant transformation and should be limited to cases where surgery is impossible and denosumab, zoledronic acid, or embolization is not available. Local recurrence after 2 years or more should be indicative of malignant transformation. This review summarizes the treatment approaches for non-malignant and malignant GCTBs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.