Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34359187›Full record

ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021

Is Animal Welfare an Internationally Understood Concept in the Zoo World? Thematic Analysis of Two Regional Groups of Zoo Staff.

Heather Bacon, Belinda Vigors, Darren J Shaw, Natalie Waran, Cathy M Dwyer, Catriona Bell

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Developments in Chinese Attitudes to Animal Welfare.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Heather BaconRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0011-8047
Belinda VigorsDepartment of Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3RG, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9303-4784
Darren J ShawRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK.
Natalie WaranEastern Institute for Technology, 501 Gloucester Street, Taradale, Napier 4142, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-8637-9917
Cathy M DwyerRoyal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK.
Catriona BellAdvance HE, Holyrood Park House, 106 Holyrood Road, Edinburgh EH8 8AS, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8501-1697

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Universal frameworks for zoo animal welfare have been suggested. However, there is little evidence of a cross-cultural understanding of zoo animal welfare. This paper reports themes emerging from a qualitative study of international (European and Chinese) zoo professionals on zoo animal welfare issues. Structured telephone interviews were conducted with eight Chinese and eight European zoo staff, covering aspects of zoological animal welfare, conservation and zoological husbandry practices. These qualitative data were thematically analysed, and key themes generated. This paper describes three themes relating to 'What is animal welfare' 'Animal welfare frameworks' and 'The human element in animal welfare'. This analysis indicates that the concept of animal welfare has cultural equivalence across Europe and between Europe and China, and that zoo staff are familiar with welfare frameworks. In China, a need for senior leadership and motivating staff to improve animal welfare emerged.

Indexed as

ChinaeducationEuropewelfarezoo

Identifiers

PMID34359187
PMCPMC8300246

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.