ArticleCognition2021
Intergroup preference, not dehumanization, explains social biases in emotion attribution.
Article in Cognition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- To what extent is research on infrahumanization confounded by intergroup preference?Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Does feeling collective responsibility for intergroup harm lead to infrahumanization?PloS one · 2025Article
- Development and validation of the Self-Awareness of Ego-Threatening Biases Questionnaire (SAETBQ).PloS one · 2025Article
- Attribution of undesirable character traits, rather than trait-based dehumanization, predicts punishment decisions.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- The Neural Mechanisms of Group Membership Effect on Emotional Mimicry: A Multimodal Study Combining Electromyography and Electroencephalography.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Animalistic slurs increase harm by changing perceptions of social desirability.Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- Reduced helping intentions are better explained by the attribution of antisocial emotions than by 'infrahumanization'.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- How White American Children Develop Racial Biases in Emotion Reasoning.Affective science · 2022Article
- Animalistic dehumanisation as a social influence strategy.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- The Role of Valence and Uniqueness of Emotions in the Context of Infrahumanization Theory.Psychology in Russia : state of the art · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psychological models can only help improve intergroup relations if they accurately characterise the mechanisms underlying social biases. The claim that outgroups suffer dehumanization is near ubiquitous in the social sciences. We challenge the most prominent psychological model of dehumanization - infrahumanization theory - which holds outgroup members are subtly dehumanized by being denied human emotions. We examine the theory across seven intergroup contexts in thirteen pre-registered and highly powered experiments (N = 1690). We find outgroup members are not denied uniquely human emotions relative to ingroup members. Rather, they are ascribed prosocial emotions to a lesser extent but antisocial emotions to a greater extent. Apparent evidence for infrahumanization is better explained by ingroup preference, outgroup derogation and stereotyping. Infrahumanization theory may obscure more than it reveals about intergroup bias.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.