Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34358722›Full record

ArticleJournal of experimental child psychology2021

Categories convey prescriptive information across domains and development.

Emily Foster-Hanson, Steven O Roberts, Susan A Gelman, Marjorie Rhodes

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of experimental child psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. A Rational Framework for Group-Based Selective Social Learning.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2025
    Article
  3. How cultural input shapes the development of idealized biological prototypes.Journal of cognition and development : official journal of the Cognitive Development Society · 2025
    Article
  4. Rethinking Norm Psychology.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2024
    Article
  5. Article
  6. The Development of Social Categorization.Annual review of developmental psychology · 2019
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Emily Foster-HansonDepartment of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. Electronic address: emily.fosterhanson@princeton.edu.
Steven O RobertsDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Susan A GelmanDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Marjorie RhodesDepartment of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
New York University · USPrinceton University · USStanford University · USUniversity of Michigan · US

Funding

Developmental change and continuity in biological reasoningF31HD093431 · NICHD · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · PI FOSTER HANSON, EMILY E · 2018 to 2020
$105k
NICHD NIH HHS F31 HD093431
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Young children display a pervasive bias to assume that what they observe in the world reflects how things are supposed to be. The current studies examined the nature of this bias by testing whether it reflects a particular form of reasoning about human social behaviors or a more general feature of category representations. Children aged 4 to 9 years and adults (N = 747) evaluated instances of nonconformity among members of novel biological and human social kinds. Children held prescriptive expectations for both animal and human categories; in both cases, they said it was wrong for a category member to engage in category-atypical behavior. These prescriptive judgments about categories depended on the extent to which people saw the pictured individual examples as representative of coherent categories. Thus, early prescriptive judgments appear to rely on the interplay between general conceptual biases and domain-specific beliefs about category structure.

Indexed as

JudgmentSocial BehaviorAnimalsChild, PreschoolHumansProblem SolvingBiological reasoningCategoriesConceptual developmentNormativityPrescriptive judgmentsSocial cognition

Identifiers

PMID34358722
PMCPMC8666967
OpenAlexW2995535251

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.