Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34358693›Full record

ReviewDrug discovery today2021

Positive AMPA receptor modulation in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: A long and winding road.

Bashkim Kadriu, Laura Musazzi, Jenessa N Johnston, Lisa E Kalynchuk, Hector J Caruncho, Maurizio Popoli, Carlos A Zarate

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Drug discovery today, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Alpha psychiatry · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Advancing past ketamine: emerging glutamatergic compounds for the treatment of depression.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. The pathogenic factor of ZC4H2-associated rare disorder is a postsynaptic regulator for synaptic activity and cognitive function.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Ketamine in neuropsychiatric disorders: an update.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Bashkim KadriuExperimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: kadriub@mail.nih.gov.
Laura MusazziSchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
Jenessa N JohnstonExperimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Lisa E KalynchukDivision of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Hector J CarunchoDivision of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Maurizio PopoliLaboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
Carlos A ZarateExperimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
National Institutes of Health · USUniversity of Victoria · CAUniversity of Milan · ITUniversity of Milano-Bicocca · IT

Funding

Glutamatergic Modulators for Rapid & Sustained Antidepressant EffectZIAMH002857 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI ZARATE, CARLOS · 2009 to 2025
$55.0M
Target validation of novel therapeutic agents in mood disordersZIAMH002927 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI ZARATE, CARLOS · 2010 to 2025
$37.1M
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 MH999999Intramural NIH HHS ZIA MH002857Intramural NIH HHS ZIA MH002927
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glutamatergic transmission is widely implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, and the discovery that ketamine elicits rapid-acting antidepressant effects by modulating α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) signaling has spurred a resurgence of interest in the field. This review explores agents in various stages of development for neuropsychiatric disorders that positively modulate AMPARs, both directly and indirectly. Despite promising preclinical research, few direct and indirect AMPAR positive modulators have progressed past early clinical development. Challenges such as low potency have created barriers to effective implementation. Nevertheless, the functional complexity of AMPARs sets them apart from other drug targets and allows for specificity in drug discovery. Additional effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders that work through positive AMPAR modulation may eventually be developed.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntidepressive AgentsDrug DevelopmentDrug DiscoveryHumansKetamineMental DisordersReceptors, AMPAAntidepressive AgentsKetamineReceptors, AMPAAMPAAmpakinesDepressionGlutamatergic modulatorsKetaminemGluR modulators

Identifiers

PMID34358693
PMCPMC9585480
OpenAlexW3192479465

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.