ArticleCell reports2021
Long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific immune and inflammatory responses in individuals recovering from COVID-19 with and without post-acute symptoms.
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Article in Cell reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 162 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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162citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic Review of Dyspnea and Chronic Fatigue in Patients With Long COVID: Clinical Characteristics and Associated Laboratory Parameters.Pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Persistent inflammatory cytokine signature in long Covid-19 patients: a meta-analysis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Photobiomodulation in the management of persistent olfactory and gustatory dysfunction post-COVID-19: a systematic review.Lasers in medical science · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of the immuno-inflammatory dysfunction secondary to viral hemorrhagic fevers; Ebola and Lassa fever.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Immunological effects of supervised exercise in long COVID in adults: A secondary analysis of a randomized crossover trial.Physiological reports · 2026Trial
- Photobiomodulation, Transmucosal Laser Irradiation of Blood, or B complex as alternatives to treat Covid-19 Related Long-Term Taste Impairment: double-blind randomized clinical trial.Lasers in medical science · 2023Trial
- Persistent CD4Cellular immunology · 2026Article
- Understanding neuroinflammation in post-COVID-19 syndrome: biological mechanisms, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic prospects.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Reshaping long COVID care through patient-reported needs.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- An externally validated machine learning algorithm for predicting mental and physical health outcomes three months post-hospitalization for severe viral infection with SARS-CoV-2.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- β-Cell Dysfunction and Altered Thyroid Hormone Dynamics in Post-COVID Metabolic Disturbances: An Immunometabolic Cross-Sectional Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Review
- The fatigue spectrum in a community-based long haul COVID cohort.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Article
- Algorithm dependence of patient phenotypes in Long COVID: a patient-led, multi-method clustering of 6031 patients using 162 self-reported symptoms.Oxford open immunology · 2026Article
- Lingering echoes of SARS-CoV-2: mechanistic insights and management of long COVID syndrome.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Neuropeptide and cytokines expression in long COVID-19 related neuropsychological sequelae: insights into NK1R-mediated neuroinflammation andFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- A perfect storm: the immunological and pathophysiological landscape of pediatric post-COVID-19 condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Long COVID involves activation of proinflammatory and immune exhaustion pathways.Nature immunology · 2026Observational
- Article
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
29 authors.
Michael J PelusoDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Amelia N DeitchmanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Leonel TorresDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nikita S IyerDivision of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Sadie E MunterDivision of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Christopher C NixonDivision of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Joanna DonatelliDivision of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Cassandra ThanhDivision of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Saki TakahashiDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jill HakimDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Keirstinne TurciosDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Owen JansonDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Rebecca HohDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Viva TaiDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Yanel HernandezDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Emily A FehrmanDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Matthew A SpinelliDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Monica GandhiDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Lan TrinhMonogram Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Terri WrinMonogram Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Christos J PetropoulosMonogram Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Francesca T AweekaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Isabel Rodriguez-BarraquerDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
J Daniel KellyDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jeffrey N MartinDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Steven G DeeksDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Bryan GreenhouseDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Rachel L RutishauserMonogram Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Timothy J HenrichMonogram Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: timothy.henrich@ucsf.edu.
Funding
Virology CoreP30AI027763 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI STEVEN Grant DEEKS · 1988 to 2026
$93.6MOptimizing HIV-malaria treatment in a shifting treatment and resistance landscape in AfricaR01HD068174 · NICHD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI FRANCESCA T. AWEEKA, SUNIL PARIKH · 2011 to 2026
$8.1MTraining in HIV Translational ResearchT32AI060530 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Diane V Havlir · 2005 to 2026
$6.4MTargeting Non Viral Markers of HIV PersistenceR01AI141003 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HENRICH, TIMOTHY JENSEN · 2018 to 2022
$4.9MEvaluation of the Interplay between HIV and COVID-19 in a large urban safety-net HIV clinicR01AI158013 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GANDHI, MONICA, SPINELLI, MATTHEW A. · 2020 to 2023
$3.1MMentoring translational scientists in international infectious disease researchK24AI144048 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Bryan R Greenhouse · 2019 to 2026
$1.6MUnderstanding the epidemiology and natural history of unrecognized Ebola virus infectionK23AI146268 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KELLY, JOHN DANIEL · 2019 to 2022
$748kEvaluation of the Impact of HIV Status on the Immune Response to mRNA COVID-19 VaccinesR21AI167648 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GANDHI, MONICA, SPINELLI, MATTHEW A. · 2022 to 2023
$444kNIAID NIH HHS K23 AI146268NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI144048NIAID NIH HHS L30 AI126521NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI027763NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI141003NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI158013NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI167648NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI060530NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD068174
Abstract
We describe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell responses, soluble markers of inflammation, and antibody levels and neutralization capacity longitudinally in 70 individuals with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants represent a spectrum of illness and recovery, including some with persistent viral shedding in saliva and many experiencing post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). T cell responses remain stable for up to 9 months. Whereas the magnitude of early CD4
Indexed as
AdultAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCOVID-19Disease ProgressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeSARS-CoV-2Severity of Illness IndexVirus SheddingAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19immunitylong COVIDPASCpost-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infectionSARS-CoV-2T cell
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.