ReviewVaccines2021
Multiple Sclerosis, Disease-Modifying Therapies and COVID-19: A Systematic Review on Immune Response and Vaccination Recommendations.
Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- ECTRIMS/EAN consensus on vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis: Improving immunization strategies in the era of highly active immunotherapeutic drugs.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review/meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis: what you need to know - a review.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Era of COVID-19 in Multiple Sclerosis Care.Neurologic clinics · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and multiple sclerosis: a large multicentric study on relapse risk after the third booster dose.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Article
- Blood CD8+ Naïve T-Cells Identify MS Patients with High Probability of Optimal Cellular Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Summary of Safety and Efficacy of COVID Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.European neurology · 2023Review
- Vaccination of multiple sclerosis patients during the COVID-19 era: Novel insights into vaccine safety and immunogenicity.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2022Review
- Outcomes of multiple sclerosis patients admitted with COVID-19 in a large veteran cohort.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2022Article
- Cladribine Tablets for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Clinician's Review.Neurology and therapy · 2022Review
- Cellular and Humoral Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis Patients on Ocrelizumab and Other Disease-Modifying Therapies: A Multi-Ethnic Observational Study.Annals of neurology · 2022Observational
- Vaccination and immunotherapies in neuroimmunological diseases.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2022Review
- Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Disease Modifying Therapies: Impact on Immune Responses against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Impact of mass vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 infections among multiple sclerosis patients taking immunomodulatory disease-modifying therapies in England.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2022Article
- The study of COVID-19 infection following vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2022Article
- Symptoms after COVID-19 Infection in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis in Poland.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Drug Interactions for Patients with Respiratory Diseases Receiving COVID-19 Emerged Treatments.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding the risks of COVID-19 in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and their immune reactions is vital to analyze vaccine response dynamics. A systematic review on COVID-19 course and outcomes in patients receiving different DMTs was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Emerging data on SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was used to elaborate recommendations. Data from 4417 patients suggest that MS per se do not portend a higher risk of severe COVID-19. As for the general population, advanced age, comorbidities, and higher disability significantly impact COVID-19 outcomes. Most DMTs have a negligible influence on COVID-19 incidence and outcome, while for those causing severe lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia, such as anti-CD20 therapies, there might be a tendency of increased hospitalization, worse outcomes and a higher risk of re-infection. Blunted immune responses have been reported for many DMTs, with vaccination implications. Clinical evidence does not support an increased risk of MS relapse or vaccination failure, but vaccination timing needs to be individually tailored. For cladribine and alemtuzumab, it is recommended to wait 3-6 months after the last cycle until vaccination. For the general anti-CD20 therapies, vaccination must be deferred toward the end of the cycle and the next dose administered at least 4-6 weeks after completing vaccination. Serological status after vaccination is highly encouraged. Growing clinical evidence and continuous surveillance are extremely important to continue guiding future treatment strategies and vaccination protocols.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.