ArticleVaccines2021
Pre-Clinical Evaluation of the Nanoliposomal antiPCSK9 Vaccine in Healthy Non-Human Primates.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunotherapy and vaccine-based approaches for atherosclerosis prevention: a systematic review study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Structure-guided design of a PCSK9 epitope vaccine with efficacy against hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.Life metabolism · 2026Article
- Biologics for cardiovascular diseases: from bench to bedside.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- [EJNMMI research · 2026Article
- From Bench to Clinic: Advances in Anti-Inflammatory Therapies for Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- Mitigating atherosclerosis: Integrating vaccines with gene targets.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Review
- Targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) to tackle central nervous system diseases: role as a promising approach.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Evaluating the effect of the antiPCSK9 vaccine on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in an experimental mouse model.Cardiology journal · 2025Article
- Non-rodent Models of Atherosclerosis: Repurposing of Existing Drugs and Search for Novel Treatment Strategies.Current cardiology reviews · 2025Review
- Vaccination as a Promising Approach in Cardiovascular Risk Mitigation: Are We Ready to Embrace a Vaccine Strategy?Biomolecules · 2024Review
- The Emerging Role of PCSK9 in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible Target for the Disease Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Development of a PCSK9-targeted nanoparticle vaccine to effectively decrease the hypercholesterolemia.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Whether and Why Do We Need a Vaccine Against Atherosclerosis? Can We Expect It Anytime Soon?Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- Novel and Emerging LDL-C Lowering Strategies: A New Era of Dyslipidemia Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Role of Treg cell subsets in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Recent advances of self-assembled nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.Theranostics · 2024Review
- Development of liposomal contrast agent with high iodine concentration and minimal effect on renal function.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2023Article
- The evolving landscape of PCSK9 inhibition in cancer.European journal of pharmacology · 2023Review
- Two decades of vaccine development against atherosclerosis.Nano today · 2023Article
- A Virus-like particle-based bivalent PCSK9 vaccine lowers LDL-cholesterol levels in Non-Human Primates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOur previous studies showed the safe preventive and therapeutic effects of immunization using the nanoliposomal antiPCSK9 vaccine called "Liposomal Immunogenic Fused PCSK9-Tetanus plus Alum adjuvant" (L-IFPTA), in mouse models of atherosclerosis. Here we aimed to ascertain the immunogenicity and safety of the L-IFPTA vaccine in a pre-clinical study in healthy non-human primates.
methodsFive male rhesus macaque monkeys were subcutaneously immunized with the L-IFPTA vaccine, four times with bi-weekly intervals. To evaluate immunogenicity, the plasma antiPCSK9 antibody in immunized monkeys was detected and quantified using the ELISA method. The functionality of the induced antiPCSK9 antibodies was determined by the PCSK9/LDLR in vitro binding assay kit. The safety of the vaccine was tested using the evaluation of several major circulating indicators including plasma lipid alterations, inflammatory biomarkers and organ injury biomarkers.
resultsThe resultant data indicated that the L-IFPTA vaccine significantly and highly induced the generation of functional and safe antiPCSK9 antibodies in immunized monkeys. Plasma levels of specific biomarkers indicating organ performance including creatinine, urea, uric acid, bilirubin, ALP, AS, ALT and TSH were not significantly altered. After immunization in healthy monkeys, non-prespecified endpoints (plasma levels of TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TG) were non-significantly reduced by 11.6 ± 36%; 16 ± 28%; 22 ± 53% and 24 ± 51%, respectively, while HDL-C was slightly increased by 2 ± 64%. There were also no significant changes in plasma levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers.
conclusionThe L-IFPTA vaccine could efficiently stimulate the host humoral immune response to produce active antibodies that inhibit plasma PCSK9 while not provoking systemic inflammation and not adversely affecting organ performance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.