ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Risk of Hospitalization for Adverse Drug Events in Women and Men: A Post Hoc Analysis of an Active Pharmacovigilance Study in Italian Emergency Departments.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex and gender differences in responses to antianemic therapies: biological mechanisms and clinical implications.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Safety of direct oral anticoagulants reversal agents in older patients: an analysis of individual case safety reports of adverse drug reaction from VigiBaseAging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Interactions between Gender and Sepsis-Implications for the Future.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Hospitalisations Related to the Combination of ACE Inhibitors and/or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers with Diuretics and NSAIDs: A Post Hoc Analysis on the Risks Associated with Triple Whammy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Commentary: Potentially inappropriate medication among older patients with diabetic kidney disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology as a Guarantee of Patient Safety: The Role of the Clinical Pharmacologist.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Drug-Related Hypersensitivity Reactions Leading to Emergency Department: Original Data and Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This post hoc analysis of an Italian active pharmacovigilance study describes pharmacological differences of ADEs leading to emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalization in women and men. During the study period (January 2007-December 2018), 61,855 reports of ADEs leading to ED visits were collected. Overall, 30.6% of ADEs resulted in hospitalization (30% in women and 31% in men). Multivariate logistic regression showed that, among women, drug classes significantly associated with an increased risk of hospitalization were heparins (ROR 1.41, CI 1.13-176), antidepressants (ROR 1.12, CI 1.03-1.23) and antidiabetics (ROR 1.13, CI 1.02-1.24). Among men, only vitamin K antagonists (ROR 1.28, CI 1.09-1.50), opioids (ROR 1.30, CI 1.06-1.60) and digitalis glycosides (ROR 1.32, CI 1.09-1.59) were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization. Overall, older age, multiple suspected drugs and the presence of comorbidities were significantly associated with a higher risk of hospitalization. A significantly reduced risk of hospitalization was observed in both women and men experiencing an adverse event following immunization (ROR 0.36, CI 0.27-0.48 and 0.83, 0.42-0.74, respectively) compared to drugs. Results obtained from this real-world analysis highlight important aspects of drug safety between sexes.
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