ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Immunopharmacology in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: Current and Future Perspectives.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of tacrolimus therapy on the outcomes of vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Topical cyclosporine A cationic ophthalmic emulsion in paediatric vernal keratoconjunctivitis: pooled analysis of randomised NOVATIVE and VEKTIS trials.Eye (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Inflammatory Mediators Involved in Conjunctival and Corneal Remodeling of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ocular Manifestations in Children with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The evolving role of ciclosporin in the management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: Immunopathological Insights and Therapeutic Applications of Immunomodulators.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cytokines in Allergic Conjunctivitis: Unraveling Their Pathophysiological Roles.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Vernal keratoconjunctivitis in adults: a narrative review of prevalence, pathogenesis, and management.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: Current immunological and clinical evidence and the potential role of omalizumab.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Targets in Allergic Conjunctivitis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Comparision of efficacy and safety of 0.03% and 0.1% tacrolimus ointment in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a complex and chronic, multifactorial Th2 cell-mediated chronic ocular surface inflammatory condition that typically affects predominantly male children in hot or warm climates. The primary symptom is intense ocular pruritus, often significant enough to affect activities of daily living. Clinical features differ from simple forms of allergic conjunctivitis in that they are more-or-less confined to the superior tarsus and limbus. There is also a risk of corneal involvement, which leads to irreversible vision loss in approximately 6% of patients. Right now, there is no standardized treatment protocol, and many of the currently available options are not effective in severe and recurrent cases. As such, it is imperative to understand this complex allergic immune response in order to identify future therapeutic targets. This review will focus on potential drug targets in VKC, with particular emphasis on immunomodulators and immunobiologic agents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.