ReviewToxins2021
Tetrodotoxin, a Potential Drug for Neuropathic and Cancer Pain Relief?
Review in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Security of Tetrodotoxin in the Treatment of Cancer-Related Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Marine drugs · 2023Pooled it
- Acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of tetrodotoxin in Sprague-Dawley rats following intramuscular injection.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- The Potential and Prospects of Marine Drugs in Intervening Nerve-Tumor Crosstalk.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Gut Epithelium of the Highly Toxic Ribbon WormToxins · 2026Article
- Effects of Tetrodotoxin on Safety, and Sensory and Respiratory Systems: A Dose-Escalating Study in Healthy Volunteers.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Targeting NaInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Recent advances in the pharmacology of voltage-gated ion channels.Pharmacological reviews · 2025Review
- The α/β3 complex of human voltage-gated sodium channel hNaJournal of molecular modeling · 2025Article
- Tetrodotoxin Delivery Pen Safely Uses Potent Natural Neurotoxin to Manage Severe Cutaneous Pain.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- The Potential Mechanisms ofDrug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Development of long-acting local anesthetics: a long way from basic research to clinical application.Journal of anesthesia · 2024Article
- Does climate change increase the risk of marine toxins? Insights from changing seawater conditions.Archives of toxicology · 2024Review
- Toxicological and Pharmacological Activities, and Potential Medical Applications, of Marine Algal Toxins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Nanomedicine and voltage-gated sodium channel blockers in pain management: a game changer or a lost cause?Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Review
- Review
- Targeting TRPV4 Channels for Cancer Pain Relief.Cancers · 2024Review
- Management of pain in cancer patients - an update.Ecancermedicalscience · 2024Article
- The influence of Nav1.9 channels on intestinal hyperpathia and dysmotility.Channels (Austin, Tex.) · 2023Review
- Hydration-induced Void-containing Hydrogels for Encapsulation and Sustained Release of Small Hydrophilic Molecules.Advanced functional materials · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin found mainly in puffer fish and other marine and terrestrial animals. TTX blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) which are typically classified as TTX-sensitive or TTX-resistant channels. VGSCs play a key role in pain signaling and some TTX-sensitive VGSCs are highly expressed by adult primary sensory neurons. During pathological pain conditions, such as neuropathic pain, upregulation of some TTX-sensitive VGSCs, including the massive re-expression of the embryonic VGSC subtype Na
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.