ReviewToxins2021
Ochratoxins in Wines: A Review of Their Occurrence in the Last Decade, Toxicity, and Exposure Risk in Humans.
Review in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural Basis and Molecular Mechanism of Yeast Biosorption: for Food Safety and Nutrition.Journal of food science · 2026Review
- Article
- Comprehensive IAC Cross-Reactivity Validation and Stabilized Method Development for Ochratoxin A, B, and C in Complex Coffee and Spice Matrices.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Silent Saboteurs: Decoding Mycotoxins-From Chemistry and Prevalence to Health Risks, Detection, Management and Emerging Frontiers.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Alcohol or No Alcohol in Wine: Half a Century of Debate.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Biological and Chemical Management ofToxins · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Review of Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin A Dynamics: Emergence, Toxicological Impact, and Advanced Control Strategies.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Comprehensive Insights into Ochratoxin A: Occurrence, Analysis, and Control Strategies.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A Predictive Assessment of Ochratoxin A's Effects on Oxidative Stress Parameters and the Fermentation Ability of Yeasts Using Neural Networks.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Climate Change-A Global Threat Resulting in Increasing Mycotoxin Occurrence.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Fruit-Based Fermented Beverages: Contamination Sources and Emerging Technologies Applied to Assure Their Safety.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- From Grapes to Wine: Impact of the Vinification Process on Ochratoxin A Contamination.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Removal of Ochratoxin A from Grape Juice by Clarification: A Response Surface Methodology Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Bio-control on the contamination of Ochratoxin A in food: Current research and future prospects.Current research in food science · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ochratoxins (OTs) are mycotoxins frequently found in wines, and their contamination can occur during any stage of the winemaking process. Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been the most widely reported and the only one whose concentrations are legislated in this beverage. However, ochratoxin B, ochratoxin A methyl ester, ochratoxin B methyl ester, ochratoxin A ethyl ester, ochratoxin B ethyl ester, ochratoxin α, ochratoxin β, OTα methyl ester, OTA ethyl amide, and OTA glucose ester have also been reported in wines. Thus, detecting only OTA would lead to the underestimation of ochratoxin levels, which is a risk to human health. Considering the threat represented by the presence of ochratoxins in wines and the long-term health problems that they can cause in wine drinkers, this paper aims to review reports of the last 10 years regarding the presence of different ochratoxins in wines and how the winemaking process influences the degree of contamination, mainly by OTA. Additionally, toxicity from human exposure due to the consumption of contaminated wines is addressed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.